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【 试题详解】
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
1. 由“Clocks”部分第一、二句“At best, historians know that 5,000 6,000 years ago, great civilizations in the Middle East and North Africa started to examine forms of clock-making instead of working with only the monthly and annual calendar.., but it has been suggested that the intention was to maximize time available to achieve more as the size of the population grew.” 可见中东和北非的一些民族在五六千年前就开始研制钟表了。由于人口的增长，研制一定的时间段用于工作”是正确的。因此，答案为YES。
2. 由“Sun Clocks”部分最后一段“Another ancient Egyptian ‘shadow clock’ or ‘sundial’ has been discovered to have been in use around 1500 BC, which allowed the measuring of the passage of ‘hours’... For it to work successfully then at midday or noon, the device had to be turned 180 degrees to measure the afternoon hours．”可见要想测量下午的时间，必须在正午将没备旋转180度。因此，我们可以断定这种计时器还不能做到连续、自动测量时间，必须在中午时手动旋转设备180度。故此题答案为NO。
3．由“Water Clocks”部分第一句“‘Water clocks’were among the earliest time keeping devices that didn't use the observation of the celestial bodies to calculate the passage O{time．”可见水钟是不靠观察天体来测量时间的最早的设备之一。但文章并没有进一步提供信息说它是否是第一个这样的计时设备。因此信息不充分，本题判断为NOT GIVEN。
4．由“Mechanical Clocks”部分第一段“In 1656，‘Christian Huygens'(Dutch scientist)， made the first ‘Pendulum clock’．．．．‘Galileo Galilei' is credited，in most historical books，for inventing the pendulum as early as 1582，but his design was not built before his death．”可以看出，大多数历史教科书认为Galileo Galilei是第一位早在1582年就设计出摆钟的人，但直到他去世也没有制作出摆钟。第一个摆钟是荷兰科学家Christian Huygens制作出来的。故此句答案为NO。
5．由“Water Clocks”部分第三句“Most of these clocks were used to determine the hours of the night，but may have also been used during daylight．”可见水钟主要用于夜间计时。故本题答案为“the hours of the night”。
6．由“Mechanical Clocks”部分第三、四句“Huygens’clock，when built，had an error of‘less than only one minute a day．’This was a massive leap in the development of maintaining accuracy， as this had previously never been achieved．”可见这个钟的误差每天不到一分钟。这在计时准确性的发展史上，是巨大的飞跃。因此，本题的正确答案是“maintaining accuracy”。
7．由“Quartz Clocks”部分第二段第一句“Quartz clocks continue to dominate the market because of the accuracy and reliability of the performance，also being inexpensive to produce on mass scale．”可见由于其准确和稳定，也由于其成本低，适于大规模生产，石英钟将继续占有市场的主导地位。故此题正确答案为“accurate and reliable”。
8．由“Atomic Clocks”部分第四段第三、四句“Transportation，financial markets，communication， manufacturing，electric power and many other technologies have become dependent on super- accurate clocks．Scientific research and the demands of modern technology continue to drive our search for ever more accuracy．”可见是科学研究和现代技术的要求驱使我们不断探寻日益精确的计时方法。故本题答案为“demands of modern technology”。
9．由“Atomic Clocks”部分第三段最后一句“From the‘Macrocosm’，or‘Planetary Alignment’， to the‘Microcosm’，or‘Atomic Frequency’，the cesium now maintains accuracy with a degree of error to about‘one-millionth of a second per year’．”可见随着技术的发展，原子钟已经可以达到一年误差大约一百万分之一秒。比起前面的钟表不知道精确了多少倍。故本题答案为“the atomic clock”。
10．由“Something to Remember”部分第一段“The only thing that should be remembered during all this technological development is that we should never lose the ability to tell the time approximately by natural means and the powers of deduction without requiring crutches to lean on”可见无论计时技术如何发展，我们不能失去通过自然手段判定大概时间的基本能力。故本题答案为“natural means”。
