Recent stories in the newspapers and magazines suggest that teaching and research contradict each other, that research plays too prominent a part in academic promotions, and that teaching is badly underemphasized. There is an element of truth in these statements, but they also ignore deeper and more important relationships.
Research experience is an essential element of hiring and promotion at a research university because it is the emphasis on research that distinguishes such a university from an arts college. Some professors, however, neglect teaching for research and that presents a problem.
Most research universities reward outstanding teaching, but the greatest recognition is usually given for achievements in research. Part of the reason is the difficulty of judging teaching. A highly responsible and tough professor is usually appreciated by top students who want to be challenged, but disliked by those whose records are less impressive. The mild professor gets overall ratings that are usually high, but there is a sense of disappointment in the part of the best students, exactly those for whom the system should present the greatest challenges. Thus, a university trying to promote professors primarily on the teaching qualities would have to confront this confusion.
As modern science moves faster, two forces are exerted on professor: one is the time needed to keep on with the profession; the other is the time needed to teach. The training of new scientists requires outstanding teaching at the research university as well as the arts college. Although scientists are usually “made” in the elementary schools, scientists can be “lost” by poor teaching at the college and graduate school levels. The solution is not to separate teaching and research, but to recognize that the combination is difficult but vital. The title of professor should be given only to those who profess, and it is perhaps time for universities to reserve it for those willing to be an earnest part of the community of scholars. Professor unwilling to teach can be called “distinguished research investigators” or something else.
The pace of modern science makes it increasingly difficult to be a great researcher and a great teacher. Yet many are described in just those terms. Those who say we can separate teaching and research simply do not understand the system but those who say the problem will disappear are not fulfilling their responsibilities.

31. What idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph?
A) It is wrong to overestimate the importance of teaching.
B) Teaching and research are contradictory to each other.
C) Research can never be emphasized too much.
D) The relationship between teaching and research should not be simplified.
32. In academic promotions research universities still attach more importance to research partly because ________.
A) research improves the quality of teaching
B) students who want to be challenged appreciate research professors
C) it is difficult to evaluate teaching quality objectively
D) professor with achievements in research are usually responsible and tough
33. According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following will the author probably agree with?
A) Distinguished professors at research universities should concentrate on research only.
B) The separation of teaching from research can lower the quality of future scientists.
C) It is of utmost importance to improve teaching in elementary schools in order to train new scientists.
D) The rapid developments of modern science make it impossible to combine teaching with research.
34. The title of professor should be given only to those who, first and foremost, do ________.
A) teaching
B) field work
C) scientific research
D) investigation
35. The phrase “the problem” (Para. 5, Line 3) refers to ________.
A) raising the status of teaching
B) the combination of teaching with research
C) the separations of teaching from research
D) improving the status of research

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.

I have had just about enough of being treated like a second-class citizen, simply because I happened to be that put upon member of society-a customer. The more I go into shops and hotels, banks and post offices, railway stations, airports and the like, the more I’m convinced that things are being run solely to suit the firm, the system, or the union. There seems to be a new motto (座右铭) for the so-called ‘service’ organization-Staff Before Service. How often, for example, have you queued for what seems like hours at the Post Office or the supermarket because there aren’t enough staff on duty at all the service counters? Surely in these days of high unemployment it must be possible to increase counter staff. Yet supermarkets, hinting darkly at higher prices, claim that bringing all their cash registers into operation at any time would increase expenses. And the Post Office says we cannot expect all their service counters to be occupied ‘at times when demand is low’.
It’s the same with hotels. Because waiters and kitchen staff must finish when it suits them, dining rooms close earlier or menu choice is diminished. As for us guests (and how the meaning of that word has been cut away little by little), we just have to put up with it. There’s also the nonsense of so many friendly hotel night porters having been gradually with drawn from service in the interests of ‘efficiency’ (i.e. profits) and replaced by coin-eating machines which supply everything from beer to medicine, not to mention the creeping threat of the tea-making set in your room: a kettle with teabags, milk bags sugar. Who wants to wake up to a raw teabag? I don’t, especially when I am paying for ‘service’.
Our only hope is to hammer our irritation whenever and wherever we can and, if all else fails, restore that other, older saying-Take Our Custom (买卖) Elsewhere.

36. The author feels that nowadays customers are ________.
A) not worthy of special treatment
B) not provided with proper service
C) considered to be inferior members of society
D) regarded as privileged
37. In the author’s opinion, the quality of service is changing because ________.
A) the staff are less considerate than employers
B) customers are becoming more demanding
C) customers unwilling to pay extra money
D) more consideration is given to the staff than customers
38. According to the author, long queues at counters are caused by ________.
A) the diminishing supply of good staff
B) lack of cooperation among staff
C) inefficient staff
D) deliberate understaffing
39. The disappearance of old-style hotel porters can be attributed to the fact that ________.
A) self-service provides a cheaper alternative
B) the personal touch is less appreciated nowadays
C) machines are more reliable than human beings
D) few people are willing to do this type of work
40. The author’s final solution to the problem discussed in the passage is ________.
A) to put up with whatever service is provided
B) to make strong complaints wherever necessary
C) to fully utilize all kinds of coin-eating machines
D) to go where good service is available

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