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Passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
Not too many decades ago it seemed "obvious" both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people's natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin (亲戚) and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the "obvious" is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.
Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds.Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.
These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community's population size and its social heterogeneity ( 多样性 ). For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan (见多识广者的 ) outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.
36. Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first paragraph?
A) Two contrasting views are presented.
B) An argument is examined and possible solutions given.
C) Research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time.
D) A detailed description of the difference between urban and small-town life is given.
37. According to the passage, it was once a common belief that urban residents______.
A) did not have the same interests as their neighbors
B) could not develop long-standing relationships
C) tended to be associated with bad behavior
D) usually had more friends
38. One of the consequences of urban life is that impersonal relationships among neighbors_____.
A) disrupt people's natural relations
B) make them worry about crime
C) cause them not to show concern for one another
D) cause them to be suspicious of each other
39. It can be inferred from the passage that the bigger a community is,______.
A) the better its quality of life
B) the more similar its interests
C) the more tolerant and open-minded it is
D) the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress
40. What is the passage mainly about?
A) Similarities in the interpersonal relationships between urbanites and small-towndwellers.
B) Advantages of living in big cities as compared with living in small towns.
C) The positive role that urbanism plays in modern life.
D) The strong feeling of alienation of city inhabitants.
Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four
choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
41. The lady in this strange tale very obviously suffers from a serious mental illness. Her plot
against a completely innocent old man is a clear sign of________.
A) impulse C) inspiration
B) insanity D) disposition
42. The Prime Minister was followed by five or six _______ when he got off the plane.
A) laymen C) directors
B) servants D) attendants
43. There is no doubt that the ________ of these goods to the others is easy to see.
A) prestige C) priority
B) superiority D) publicity
44. All the guests were invited to attend the wedding ________ and had a very good time.
A) feast C) festival
B) congratulations D) recreation
45. The price of the coal will vary according to how far it has to be transported and how expensive the freight _______ are.
A) payments C) funds
B) charges D) prices
46. The manager gave her his ________ that her complaint would be investigated.
A) assurance C) sanction
B) assumption D) insurance
47. Although the model looks good on the surface, it will not bear close________.
A) temperament C) scrutiny
B) contamination D) symmetry
48. We are doing this work in the _________ of reforms in the economic, social and cultural spheres.
A) context C) pretext
B) contest D) texture
49. While a full understanding of what causes the disease may be several years away, ________ leading to a successful treatment could come much sooner.
A) a distinction C) an identification
B) a breakthrough D) an interpretation
