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Lesson 4
第四课
overtake
vt. 超过；突然降临于
After only two years in the American market, our US sales have now overtaken our sales in Europe.
进入美国市场仅两年后，我们的美国市场销量已经超过了我们在欧洲的销量。
panic
n. 惊慌 v.（使）恐慌
SARS or atypical pneumonia once caused a great panic among people.
非典型性肺炎曾引起人们极大的恐慌。
quit
v. 停止，放弃；离开
It’s not easy to quit smoking and drinking.
戒烟戒酒并非易事。
rid
vt.（of）使摆脱，从…中清除
Some multi-national companies will lay off redundant staff in order to rid themselves of (=to be/get rid of) their financial worries.
一些跨国公司会通过裁减冗员来摆脱财政困难。
shave
vt. 剃，刮 vi./n. 刮脸
leap
vi. 跳，跃；急速行动 vt. 跃过 n. 跳跃；激增
Look before you leap.
（谚）三思而后行。
melt
v.（使）融化；（使）消散
Don’t skate on the lake. The ice is melting.
别到湖上去溜冰，湖面的冰正在融化。
mislead
vt. 使误解；把…带错路；把…带坏
Juveniles lacking social experience are likely to be misled by strange people’s appearance.
缺乏社会经验的青少年容易被陌生人的外表所迷惑。
misunderstand
vt. 误解
overcome
vt. 克服；压倒
The Chinese Women’s Volleyball Team overcame a lot of difficulty to win the match.
中国女排克服重重困难，赢得了这场比赛的胜利。
dive
n./vi. 潜水；俯冲
He who would search for pearls must dive below.
欲寻珍珠就要潜到水里。（不入虎穴，焉得虎子。）
flee
vi. 逃走 vt. 避开
Japanese people are used to quickly fleeing from buildings in an event of an earthquake.
日本人已经习惯在地震发生时迅速逃离建筑物。
fling
vt. 扔；使投身 n. 尽情欢乐的一阵
After the divorce he flung himself into his work to forget her.
离婚后他一心扑在工作上以忘记她。
forbid
vt. 禁止
Madonna forbids her children (to watch/watching) TV because she thinks TV programs will corrupt their souls.
麦当娜不许她的孩子看电视，因为她认为电视节目会腐蚀他们的心灵。
forecast
n./vt. 预测
Environmentalists forecast that we will destroy our planet if we go on polluting it as we are today.
环境学家预测，如果继续像现在一样污染环境，我们就会毁掉我们的星球。
grind
vt. 磨碎；（down）折磨 vi. 摩擦得吱吱作响 n. 苦差事
Some cafes grind fresh coffee beans to make coffee in a traditional way, but of course they sell it at a higher price.
一些咖啡馆以传统的方法用新鲜的咖啡豆磨成粉来煮咖啡，但售价当然要高些。
heave
v. 举起；发出；起伏；呕吐 n. 举起
The sailors all heaved on the rope in the storm.
暴风雨中，水手们都用力拽住缆绳。
kneel
vi. 跪
knit
vt. 编结；使紧凑；皱紧 vi. 编结；（折骨）愈合
lean
v. 倾斜；靠 a. 瘦的；贫乏的
Romeo leaned the ladder against the house and climbed up to the window.
罗密欧把梯子靠在房前，爬上窗口。
blend
v. （使）混和 n. 混合物；混和
I like a blend of coffee and tea. /I like to blend coffee and tea.
我喜欢把咖啡和茶混合起来喝。
breed
n. 品种 vi. 繁殖 vt. 繁殖；养育；酿成
Rural life produces a strong and tough breed of people.
农村生活造就了一群身体强壮且性格坚韧的人。
cast
vt. 投射；投；丢弃；蜕（皮）；浇铸 n. 演员表；石膏绷带
The tree casts its shadow on the window.
树在窗户上投下影子。
cling
vi.（to）紧紧抓住（或抱住）；黏着；依恋；坚持
The little boy clung to his mother’s skirt in fear.
小男孩害怕得抓住母亲的裙子。
creep
vi. 爬行；蹑手蹑足地走
Children learn to creep before they can go.
小孩学走路，先得学爬行。
arise
vi. 出现；（from）引起；起身
Accidents usually arise from carelessness.
事故的发生往往由疏忽大意而引起。
bet
v. 打赌；确信 n. 打赌；赌金
I bet him ten dollars that Kerry would win the presidential election, but I lost.
我押10美元与他赌克里会赢得总统大选，可是我输了。
bid
n. 企图；投标 vi. 投标 vt. 出（价）；祝；命令
The company submitted a bid for the contract to clean the hospital.
该公司投标承包这所医院的清洁工作。
bind
vt. 捆绑；使结合；约束；装订
The hostage was bound hand and foot.
人质的手脚都被捆住了。
bleed
vi. 流血 vt. 勒索…的钱
Teddy lay on the ground, bleeding profusely.
特迪躺在地上，鲜血直流。
shed
vt. 脱落；流出；发出；摆脱 n. 棚屋
To shed crocodile tears means to cry when someone is not really sad or sorry.
“流鳄鱼泪”意思是某人在哭泣时并不真的感到悲伤难过（即假慈悲）。
shrink
vi. 收缩；退缩 vt. 使收缩
This detergent won’t shrink wool.
这种洗洁液不会使毛料收缩。
slide
v.（使）滑动；（使）悄悄地移动 n. 滑动；滑道；幻灯片
The euro continues to slide.
欧元继续下跌。
sow
vt. 播（种）
Whatever a man sows, that he will also reap.
栽种什么，就收获什么。（种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。）
spill
v.（使）溢出，（使）洒落 n. 溢出
It’s no use crying over spilt milk!
牛奶洒了，哭也没用！（比喻：为已经发生而无法补救的事懊悔是没用的。）
thrive
vi. 兴旺，繁荣
A business cannot thrive without investment or good management.
要是缺少投资或者管理不善，企业就不会兴旺。
thrust
vt. 挤；刺 vi.（at）戳 n. 刺；要点；推力
undergo
vt. 经历，遭受
Mother’s weather-beaten face shows the great hardship that she had undergone in both her childhood and youth.
母亲饱经风霜的脸上写着她在童年和青年时代所遭受的巨大艰难和困苦。
undertake
vt. 承担；同意，保证
Who should undertake the responsibility for white pollution? The producer or the consumer?
谁该为白色污染负责？是生产者还是消费者？
undo
vt. 解开；取消
It’s not too late to try and undo some of the damage.
想办法补救部分损失还为时不晚。
stride
vi. 大踏步走 n. 大步；步法；（常pl.）进展
The policemen strode along the road.
警察沿路大踏步行走。
string
n. 弦，线，细绳；一串 vt. 用线串；悬挂
I have broken a string in my tennis racket.
我把网球拍上的一根绷绳给弄断了。
swear
v. 诅咒，咒骂；宣誓，发誓
In Christian countries, witnesses in court have to swear on the Bible before giving evidences.
在基督教国家，证人在法庭上作证前必须手按《圣经》发誓。
swell
vi. 肿胀，膨胀；增强 n. 波浪起伏；鼓起；增强
The boat rose and fell to ocean swells.
船随着海浪起伏。
swing
v.（使）摇摆；（使）旋转；（使）突然转向 n. 摇摆；秋千
A large pendulum swung back and forth inside the grandfather clock.
在老式落地座钟里面有一个大钟摆在摆来摆去。
spin
vi. 旋转；晕眩；织（网）vt. 使旋转；绞干 n. 旋转
Let’s spin a coin to decide who’ll have the first turn.
让我们抛转硬币（猜正反面）来决定谁先开始。
spit
vi. 吐唾沫（或痰）vt. 吐出 n. 唾液
split
v. 分裂；撕裂；分担 n. 裂口
He split his pants at the seams when he bent over.
他弯下身去时，把裤子接缝处绷裂了。
spoil
vt. 损坏；宠坏 vi. 变质 n. （pl.）战利品，赃物
Some parents spoil their children by giving them too much money.
一些父母给孩子太多的钱，就这样把孩子给宠坏了。
sting
vi. 刺，蜇；感到剧痛 vt. 刺，蜇；刺痛；激怒 n. 蜇刺；刺（痛），剧痛
If you hurt the bee, it will sting you.
如果你伤害蜜蜂，它就会蜇你。
upset
vt. 使心烦意乱；打乱；弄翻 n. 不适 a. 心烦的
James was upset because he had had his wallet stolen.
詹姆斯很烦躁，因为他的钱包被偷了。
weave
v. 织，编
Most spiders weave webs that are almost invisible.
大多数蜘蛛结成的网几乎是看不见的。
weep
v. 哭泣；渗出
When the national flag was rising, the athletes wept for joy.
当国旗升起时，运动员们喜极而泣。
withdraw
vt. 提取，收回；撤销；撤退 vi. 撤退
It’s more convenient to withdraw money from an ATM than from the bank.
在自动柜员机取钱比到银行取要方便。
withstand
vt. 承受
Shakespeare’s works undoubtedly withstands the test of time.
莎士比亚的作品无疑经受住了时间的考验。
analysis
n. 分析
Recent analysis showed that more and more people prefer to purchase an apartment rather than rent one.
最近的分析报告显示，越来越多人愿意购房，而不愿意租房。
appendix
n. 阑尾；附录
For further information, please refer to the appendices at the end of the book.
如果想进一步了解，请参阅书后的附录。
bacteria
n. 细菌
basis
n. 基础
A good scenario is the basis of a successful movie.
一个好剧本是一部电影成功的基础。
counsel
n. 律师；劝告 vt. 提议
The court heard the counsel for both sides.
法庭听取了双方律师的陈述。
craft
n. 工艺；船，航空器
Making jewels requires great craft.
制作珠宝需要高超的工艺。
crisis
n. 危机；决定性时刻
The Indian Prime Minister said the 1997 Southeast Asian financial crisis showed that volatile capital flows could threaten even vibrant economies.
印度总理说，1997年的东南亚金融危机表明，资金流动不稳甚至对经济活跃的国家都会造成威胁。
curriculum
n. 课程，全部课程
English is on every university’s curriculum.
每所大学都开设英语课。
emphasis
n. 强调，重点
I think we should put as much emphasis on preventing AIDS as we do on curing it.
我想我们应当把预防艾滋病放到和治疗艾滋病同等重要的地位。
formula
n. 原则；公式；配方
index
n. 索引；标志；指数 vt. 为…编索引
All the books in the library are indexed in the computer.
图书馆里所有的书都编入电脑索引目录中了。
means
n. 方法；金钱
People resolve conflicts between different countries primarily by means of peace talks, but sometimes it is necessary to resort to force.
人们主要通过和平谈判的手段来解决国与国之间的矛盾，但有时候也有必要诉诸武力。
media
n. 新闻媒介
The media is/are sometimes criticized for spreading rumors.
新闻媒体有时被批评散布谣言。
nucleus
n.（原子）核；核心
phenomenon
n. 现象；非凡的人
Lightning and thunder are natural phenomena.
闪电打雷是自然现象。
politics
n. 政治，政治学；政纲
Abraham Lincoln was active in politics and strongly against slavery.
亚伯拉罕?林肯积极从事政治活动，强烈反对奴隶制度。
series
n. 一系列；丛书，连续剧
There’s been a whole series of accidents on this stretch of road recently.
近来在这一路段发生了一连串事故。
species
n. 种，类
The Origin of Species was one of the most important books published during the 19th century.
《物种起源》是19世纪出版的最重要的着作之一。
stadium
n. 运动场，体育场
A new stadium for the 2008 Olympic Games has been built in Beijing.
北京已为2008年奥林匹克运动会建造了一座新的体育场。
statistic
n. 统计数值，统计资料；（-s）统计学
Statistics show that there are more males than females in our country.
统计数字表明我国男性比女性人数多。
alike
a. 同样的 ad. 相似地
Great minds think alike!
英雄所见略同！
unique
a. 唯一的，独特的；极不寻常的
Each person’s fingerprints are unique.
每个人的指纹都是独一无二的。
inferior
a. 劣等的；下级的 n. 下级
No inferior products should be allowed to pass.
决不允许放过任何次品。
junior
a. 年少的；资历较浅的 n. 年少者；晚辈；三年级学生
It often happens that the work is done by juniors on the staff, but the head takes all the credit.
工作是下级员工完成的，领导却占据了所有的功劳，这种事经常发生。
superior
a. 上级的，较高的；（to）较好的；优良的；有优越感的 n. 上级
In the Indian caste system, marrying someone from a superior caste is not allowed.
在印度的种姓制度中，同来自高一级种姓的人通婚是不允许的。
