第3课
倒装:倒装有全部倒装和部分倒装。
谓语部分所有单词都放在主语前是全部倒装。谓语的一部分放在主语的前面是部分倒装。
谓语中的一部分通常是指:1、系动词;2、助动词;3、情态动词。
全部倒装的五条原则:
1. There be句型(表示有);
2. 以There或now开头的句子,且句子谓语动词为come或go;
There you go again. 你又去那里了。
3. 以Here开头的句子,且句子谓语动词为系动词be;Here you are. 拿去。
4. 以副词out, in, up, down, away开头的句子;
在2、3、4前提下,如果句子的主语是代词则用陈述句语序。
5. 以状语(常见的是地点状语)开头的句子。
部分倒装的六条原则:
1. so放在句首时表示承前肯定,这个句子用部分倒装;
nor, neither放在句首时表示承前否定,句子也用部分倒装;
2. 省略了引导词if 的虚拟条件从句,可以把从句中的had, should, could, were中的任何一个提到从句最前面的位置,构成部分倒装;
3. as, though表示“尽管”时引导从句,从句中的表语可以置于引导词之前构成部分倒装;
系动词后面的部分就是表语,形容词、名词、名词性短语可以置于系动词之后。
例如:She is beautiful. They are students.
四级考试中出现的是由动词的过去分词转变的形容词作表语的形式。
26. _B_ as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.
A Being published B Published C Publishing D To be published
当题干是as引导一个从句,且as前为一个空格时他表示的就是尽管,空格处要填的就是表语。
being published 正在被出版;to be published 将要被出版。
此句恢复正常语序应为:As it was published at such a time …
4. 表示否定含义的单词或短语放在句首,句子用部分倒装;
常见的一些表示否定含义的单词:never, little, few, hardly (… when), scarcely (… when) ;
seldom 难得,不常;nowhere 哪里都不。
常见的一些表示否定含义的短语:in no way 决不;on no account 决不;
under no circumstances 在任何情况下都不。
5. only + 状语放在句首,句子用部分倒装;(如果only去掉就是全部倒装)
43. Only under special circumstances _C_ to take make-up tests.
A permitted are freshmen B freshmen are permitted
C are freshmen permitted D are permitted freshmen
freshmen 新生;make up for 弥补,补偿;make-up tests 补考(缓考)。
6. 注意两个表达形式:come what may 无论发生什么情况;say what you will 畅所欲言。
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强调句式的补充内容:被强调部分是疑问词时的情况。
60. When I try to understand _C_ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect,it seems to me that there are two causes.
A why it does B what it does C what it is D why it is
prevent sb. from doing sth. 妨碍(阻止)某人做某事。
强调部分本为:it is what that prevents so many …
又因为句中有疑问词,应写为:what is it that prevents so ...
但强调句式在句中作宾语成分,故正确写法为:what it is that …
50. I like watching TV _C_ to the cinema.
A more than to go B than going C more than going D rather than to go
than 除构成固定短语外就要与比较级搭配,不会单独出现;rather than + 动词原形;
平行结构,遇到平行结构时应做的两步:
1 找出连接词,2 使要填部分与已给出的对应部分形式完全一样。
51. I appreciate _D_ to your home.
A to be invited B to have invited C having invited D being invited
appreciate + 动名词(不能加动词原形,不能加句子)。
41. I would appreciate _B_ it a secret.
A you to keep B your keeping C that you keep D that you will keep
your keeping 动名词的复合结构。you keeping 也是正确的。
52. I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _C_ when judging my examination.
A regard B counting C account D observation
take sth. into account 考虑。
54. Important people don’t often have much free time as their work _C_ all their time.
A take away B take over C take up [占据] D take in
55. When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon ___ it.
A got off B got across C got away D got over
got over it 克服战胜。
56. Many people complain of the rapid _C_ of modern life.
A rate B speed C pace D growth
pace 节奏;rapid pace of modern life现在生活快节奏。
57. San Francisco is usually cool in the summer, but Los Angeles _B_.
A is rarely B rarely is C hardly is D is scarcely
rarely, usually 都是频度副词。通常频度副词的位置在系动词之后,表示实在意思的词前面。
58. The speaker, _D_ for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience.
A having known B being known C knowing D known
know 没有现在分词;know 用主动形式时只能和两个介词搭配:of, about。
known for 以…而著名。
60. I couldn’t find _A_, and so I took this one.
A a large enough coat B an enough large coat
C a large coat enough D a coat enough large
enough 修饰形容词时要放到形容词后面。
61. I always _B_ what I have said.
A get to B hold to C lead to D see to
本题所有选项中的to都是介词,其后加动词动名词的形式。
hold to 坚守,信守;see to 负责做,处理,照料(后面加的都是某件事情,不加人)
62. No sooner had we reached the top of the hill _C_ we all sat down to rest.
A when B then C than D until
no sooner … than 一…就…
63. Evidence came up _C_ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.
A what B which C that D whose
evidence 证据、sign 迹象、fact 事实,后面都要带同位语从句,且从句用that引导。
64. He moved away from his parents, and missed them _A_ enjoy the exciting life in New York. [too … to,太…而不能…]
A too much to B enough to C very much to D much so as to
65. He was _C_ of having asked such a silly question.
A sorry B guilty C ashamed D miserable
guilty adj. 有罪的;be ashamed of 因…而羞愧(不好意思)的;miserable adj. 悲惨的。
66. The last time we had a family reunion was _B_ my brother's wedding ceremony four years ago.
A in B at C during D over
ceremony n. 典礼,仪式。要表达在某典礼(仪式)上用介词at。
at the graduation ceremony 在毕业典礼上。
67. What _A_ would happen if the director knew you felt that way?
A do you suppose B you suppose C will you suppose D you would suppose
do you supposed 常做插入语。
68. _D_ the advances of science, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us. [despite prep. 尽管;as for 关于,至于]
A As for B Besides C Except D Despite
69. How close parents are to their children _B_ a strong influence on the character of the children.
A have B has C having D to have
influence on 对…造成影响,很大的影响中形容词用的是strong。
70. He _A_ when the bus came to a sudden stop.
A was almost hurt B was hurt himself C was to hurt himself D was hurting himself
hurt oneself 自残;be to + 动词原形,将要做某事;
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41. Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _C_ for her examination.
A to prepare B to be prepared C preparing D being prepared
be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
42. Five minutes earlier, _A_ we could have caught the last train.
A and B but C or D an order
and 在这里表示一种结果,翻译成“那么(和)”。只有两种情况下and才会这样翻译:
1. 省略句 +and + 句子;2. 祈使句 +and + 句子。
47. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _B_ advertisements showing happy balanced families.
A are often seeing B will often see C often see D have often seen
43. I cannot give you _D_ for the type of car you sell because there is no demand for it in the market.
A an expense B a charge C a purchase D an order
order n. 定购,订单;purchase n. 购买。
45. By the end of this month, we surely _C_ a satisfactory solution to the problem.
A have found B will be finding C will have found D are finding
如果一个句子的时间状语是由by引导的,则时态要选择完成时态。
将来的行为在将来的某个时间之前就已完成用将来完成时。
solution to a problem 一个问题的解决方案。
46. Mr. Wilson said that he did not want to _A_ any further responsibilities.
A take on B get on C put up D look up
take on 承担;take on responsibility 承担责任。
47. Having no money but _B_ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.
A not to want anyone B not wanting anyone C wanted no one D to want no one
dinner n. 正餐(多指晚餐);supper n. 夜宵,晚餐;breakfast n. 早餐;lunch n. 午餐;
brunch n. 早午餐。[but前后的句子要平衡]
48. We desire that the tour leader _A_ us immediately of any change in plans.
A inform B informs C informed D has informed
desire v. 要求,表要求时后面加句子要用虚拟语气,(should) + 动词原形。
其他同样用法的词还有ask, demand, request, require.
49. Not _B_, the process of choosing names varies widely from culture to culture.
A obviously B surprisingly C particularly D normally
not surprisingly 一点也不奇怪。vary vi. 变化。
vary from … to … 从一种形式变化到另一种形式。vary between … and … 在两者之间进行变化。
29. Features such as height, weight, and skin color _B_ from individual to individual and from face to face.
A change B vary C alter D convert
individual n. 个人,个体;individualism n. 个人主义。
44. The hope, goals, fears and desires _D_ widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor.
A alter B shift C transfer D vary
50. A man escaped from the prison last night. It was a long time _A_ the guards discovered what had happened.
A before B until C since D when
It + 系动词+ 一段时间+ before引导的句子 在…之前花费多少时间。
54. Scientists say it may be five or ten years _D_ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.
A since B when C after D before
51. In the experiment we kept a watchful eye _D_ the developments and recorded every detail. [keep a watchful eye on 密切主意,留神]
A in B at C for D on
52. There's little chance that mankind would _D_ a nuclear war.
A retain B endure C maintain D survive
retain vt. 保持,保留;endure v. 忍受;maintain vt. 维持,保持,坚持认为;
survive vi. 生存;vt. 活过… (宾语为某种灾难)。survive a flood 活过一场洪水。
前缀sur表示过… ,外,超;vive 表示生活,强调活着。
54.They usually havelessmoney at the end of the monththan_C_ at the beginning.
A which is B which was C they have D it is
less … than句子前后要平衡结构。
55. In the course of a day studentsdofar more thanjust _A_ classes.
A attend B attended C to attend D attending
far more than 远远多于,远不止于;也要句子前后平衡结构。
56. The French pianist [n. 钢琴师] who had been praised very highly _C_ to be a great disappointment.
A turned up B turned in C turned out D turned down
turn up 后面不加宾语表示出现,后面加宾语表示将声音调高,调大;
turn in + 宾语 上缴,交出;turn down 将声音调低,调小;拒绝;
refuse sb. 指直接的回绝;turn sb. down 则指委婉的拒绝;
turn out + 动词不定式 最终证明是,结果是。