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新东方四级词汇高分教程 词汇笔记(3)

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第3课

倒装:倒装有全部倒装和部分倒装。

谓语部分所有单词都放在主语前是全部倒装。谓语的一部分放在主语的前面是部分倒装。

谓语中的一部分通常是指:1、系动词;2、助动词;3、情态动词。

全部倒装的五条原则:

1. There be句型(表示有);

2. 以There或now开头的句子,且句子谓语动词为come或go;

There you go again. 你又去那里了。

3. 以Here开头的句子,且句子谓语动词为系动词be;Here you are. 拿去。

4. 以副词out, in, up, down, away开头的句子;

在2、3、4前提下,如果句子的主语是代词则用陈述句语序。

5. 以状语(常见的是地点状语)开头的句子。

部分倒装的六条原则:

1. so放在句首时表示承前肯定,这个句子用部分倒装;

nor, neither放在句首时表示承前否定,句子也用部分倒装;

2. 省略了引导词if 的虚拟条件从句,可以把从句中的had, should, could, were中的任何一个提到从句最前面的位置,构成部分倒装;

3. as, though表示“尽管”时引导从句,从句中的表语可以置于引导词之前构成部分倒装;

系动词后面的部分就是表语,形容词、名词、名词性短语可以置于系动词之后。

例如:She is beautiful. They are students.

四级考试中出现的是由动词的过去分词转变的形容词作表语的形式。

26. _B_ as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.

A Being published B Published C Publishing D To be published

当题干是as引导一个从句,且as前为一个空格时他表示的就是尽管,空格处要填的就是表语。

being published 正在被出版;to be published 将要被出版。

此句恢复正常语序应为:As it was published at such a time …

4. 表示否定含义的单词或短语放在句首,句子用部分倒装;

常见的一些表示否定含义的单词:never, little, few, hardly (… when), scarcely (… when) ;

seldom 难得,不常;nowhere 哪里都不。

常见的一些表示否定含义的短语:in no way 决不;on no account 决不;

under no circumstances 在任何情况下都不。

5. only + 状语放在句首,句子用部分倒装;(如果only去掉就是全部倒装)

43. Only under special circumstances _C_ to take make-up tests.

A permitted are freshmen B freshmen are permitted

C are freshmen permitted D are permitted freshmen

freshmen 新生;make up for 弥补,补偿;make-up tests 补考(缓考)。

6. 注意两个表达形式:come what may 无论发生什么情况;say what you will 畅所欲言。

-------------------------1991-06-------------------------

强调句式的补充内容:被强调部分是疑问词时的情况。

60. When I try to understand _C_ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect,it seems to me that there are two causes.

A why it does B what it does C what it is D why it is

prevent sb. from doing sth. 妨碍(阻止)某人做某事。

强调部分本为:it is what that prevents so many …

又因为句中有疑问词,应写为:what is it that prevents so ...

但强调句式在句中作宾语成分,故正确写法为:what it is that …

50. I like watching TV _C_ to the cinema.

A more than to go B than going C more than going D rather than to go

than 除构成固定短语外就要与比较级搭配,不会单独出现;rather than + 动词原形;

平行结构,遇到平行结构时应做的两步:

1 找出连接词,2 使要填部分与已给出的对应部分形式完全一样。

51. I appreciate _D_ to your home.

A to be invited B to have invited C having invited D being invited

appreciate + 动名词(不能加动词原形,不能加句子)。

41. I would appreciate _B_ it a secret.

A you to keep B your keeping C that you keep D that you will keep

your keeping 动名词的复合结构。you keeping 也是正确的。

52. I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _C_ when judging my examination.

A regard B counting C account D observation

take sth. into account 考虑。

54. Important people don’t often have much free time as their work _C_ all their time.

A take away B take over C take up [占据] D take in

55. When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon ___ it.

A got off B got across C got away D got over

got over it 克服战胜。

56. Many people complain of the rapid _C_ of modern life.

A rate B speed C pace D growth

pace 节奏;rapid pace of modern life现在生活快节奏。

57. San Francisco is usually cool in the summer, but Los Angeles _B_.

A is rarely B rarely is C hardly is D is scarcely

rarely, usually 都是频度副词。通常频度副词的位置在系动词之后,表示实在意思的词前面。

58. The speaker, _D_ for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience.

A having known B being known C knowing D known

know 没有现在分词;know 用主动形式时只能和两个介词搭配:of, about。

known for 以…而著名。

60. I couldn’t find _A_, and so I took this one.

A a large enough coat B an enough large coat

C a large coat enough D a coat enough large

enough 修饰形容词时要放到形容词后面。

61. I always _B_ what I have said.

A get to B hold to C lead to D see to

本题所有选项中的to都是介词,其后加动词动名词的形式。

hold to 坚守,信守;see to 负责做,处理,照料(后面加的都是某件事情,不加人)

62. No sooner had we reached the top of the hill _C_ we all sat down to rest.

A when B then C than D until

no sooner … than 一…就…

63. Evidence came up _C_ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.

A what B which C that D whose

evidence 证据、sign 迹象、fact 事实,后面都要带同位语从句,且从句用that引导。

64. He moved away from his parents, and missed them _A_ enjoy the exciting life in New York. [too … to,太…而不能…]

A too much to B enough to C very much to D much so as to

65. He was _C_ of having asked such a silly question.

A sorry B guilty C ashamed D miserable

guilty adj. 有罪的;be ashamed of 因…而羞愧(不好意思)的;miserable adj. 悲惨的。

66. The last time we had a family reunion was _B_ my brother's wedding ceremony four years ago.

A in B at C during D over

ceremony n. 典礼,仪式。要表达在某典礼(仪式)上用介词at。

at the graduation ceremony 在毕业典礼上。

67. What _A_ would happen if the director knew you felt that way?

A do you suppose B you suppose C will you suppose D you would suppose

do you supposed 常做插入语。

68. _D_ the advances of science, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us. [despite prep. 尽管;as for 关于,至于]

A As for B Besides C Except D Despite

69. How close parents are to their children _B_ a strong influence on the character of the children.

A have B has C having D to have

influence on 对…造成影响,很大的影响中形容词用的是strong。

70. He _A_ when the bus came to a sudden stop.

A was almost hurt B was hurt himself C was to hurt himself D was hurting himself

hurt oneself 自残;be to + 动词原形,将要做某事;

-------------------------1993-06-------------------------

41. Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _C_ for her examination.

A to prepare B to be prepared C preparing D being prepared

be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事

42. Five minutes earlier, _A_ we could have caught the last train.

A and B but C or D an order

and 在这里表示一种结果,翻译成“那么(和)”。只有两种情况下and才会这样翻译:

1. 省略句 +and + 句子;2. 祈使句 +and + 句子。

47. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _B_ advertisements showing happy balanced families.

A are often seeing B will often see C often see D have often seen

43. I cannot give you _D_ for the type of car you sell because there is no demand for it in the market.

A an expense B a charge C a purchase D an order

order n. 定购,订单;purchase n. 购买。

45. By the end of this month, we surely _C_ a satisfactory solution to the problem.

A have found B will be finding C will have found D are finding

如果一个句子的时间状语是由by引导的,则时态要选择完成时态。

将来的行为在将来的某个时间之前就已完成用将来完成时。

solution to a problem 一个问题的解决方案。

46. Mr. Wilson said that he did not want to _A_ any further responsibilities.

A take on B get on C put up D look up

take on 承担;take on responsibility 承担责任。

47. Having no money but _B_ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.

A not to want anyone B not wanting anyone C wanted no one D to want no one

dinner n. 正餐(多指晚餐);supper n. 夜宵,晚餐;breakfast n. 早餐;lunch n. 午餐;

brunch n. 早午餐。[but前后的句子要平衡]

48. We desire that the tour leader _A_ us immediately of any change in plans.

A inform B informs C informed D has informed

desire v. 要求,表要求时后面加句子要用虚拟语气,(should) + 动词原形。

其他同样用法的词还有ask, demand, request, require.

49. Not _B_, the process of choosing names varies widely from culture to culture.

A obviously B surprisingly C particularly D normally

not surprisingly 一点也不奇怪。vary vi. 变化。

vary from … to … 从一种形式变化到另一种形式。vary between … and … 在两者之间进行变化。

29. Features such as height, weight, and skin color _B_ from individual to individual and from face to face.

A change B vary C alter D convert

individual n. 个人,个体;individualism n. 个人主义。

44. The hope, goals, fears and desires _D_ widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor.

A alter B shift C transfer D vary

50. A man escaped from the prison last night. It was a long time _A_ the guards discovered what had happened.

A before B until C since D when

It + 系动词+ 一段时间+ before引导的句子 在…之前花费多少时间。

54. Scientists say it may be five or ten years _D_ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.

A since B when C after D before

51. In the experiment we kept a watchful eye _D_ the developments and recorded every detail. [keep a watchful eye on 密切主意,留神]

A in B at C for D on

52. There's little chance that mankind would _D_ a nuclear war.

A retain B endure C maintain D survive

retain vt. 保持,保留;endure v. 忍受;maintain vt. 维持,保持,坚持认为;

survive vi. 生存;vt. 活过… (宾语为某种灾难)。survive a flood 活过一场洪水。

前缀sur表示过… ,外,超;vive 表示生活,强调活着。

54.They usually havelessmoney at the end of the monththan_C_ at the beginning.

A which is B which was C they have D it is

less … than句子前后要平衡结构。

55. In the course of a day studentsdofar more thanjust _A_ classes.

A attend B attended C to attend D attending

far more than 远远多于,远不止于;也要句子前后平衡结构。

56. The French pianist [n. 钢琴师] who had been praised very highly _C_ to be a great disappointment.

A turned up B turned in C turned out D turned down

turn up 后面不加宾语表示出现,后面加宾语表示将声音调高,调大;

turn in + 宾语 上缴,交出;turn down 将声音调低,调小;拒绝;

refuse sb. 指直接的回绝;turn sb. down 则指委婉的拒绝;

turn out + 动词不定式 最终证明是,结果是。

重点单词   查看全部解释    
appreciate [ə'pri:ʃieit]

想一想再看

vt. 欣赏,感激,赏识
vt. 领会,充分意

联想记忆
transfer [træns'fə:]

想一想再看

n. 迁移,移动,换车
v. 转移,调转,调任

联想记忆
genuine ['dʒenjuin]

想一想再看

adj. 真正的,真实的,真诚的

联想记忆
confusion [kən'fju:ʒən]

想一想再看

n. 混乱,混淆,不确定状态

联想记忆
informed [in'fɔ:md]

想一想再看

adj. 见多识广的 v. 通告,告发 vbl. 通告,

 
performance [pə'fɔ:məns]

想一想再看

n. 表演,表现; 履行,实行
n. 性能,本

联想记忆
director [di'rektə, dai'rektə]

想一想再看

n. 董事,经理,主管,指导者,导演

 
reference ['refrəns]

想一想再看

n. 参考,出处,参照
n. 推荐人,推荐函<

联想记忆
unlikely [ʌn'laikli]

想一想再看

adj. 不太可能的

 
musician [mju:'ziʃən]

想一想再看

n. 音乐家,作曲家

 


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