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n. 天才，天赋
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Section B
Passage One
People all over the world today are beginning to hear and learn more and more about the problem of pollution. Pollution is caused either by man’s release of completely new and often artificial substances into the environment or by releasing greatly increased amounts of a natural substance, such as oil from oil tankers into the sea.
Whatever its underlying reasons, there is no doubt that much of the pollution caused could be controlled if only companies, individuals and governments would make more efforts. In the home there is an obvious need to control litter and waste. Food comes wrapped up three or four times in packages that all have to be disposed of; drinks are increasingly sold in bottles or tins which cannot be reused. This not only causes a litter problem, but also is a great waste of resources, in terms of glass, metal and paper. Advertising has helped this process by persuading many of us not only not to buy things we neither want nor need, but also to throw away much of what we do buy. Pollution and waste combine to be a problem everyone can help to solve by cutting unnecessary buying, excess use and careless disposal of the products we use in our daily lives.
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. What’s the main cause of pollution?
27. What can food packages, bottles and tins for drinks cause?
28. Which of the following CANNOT help solving the problem of pollution?
Passage Two
Nonverbal communication has to do with gestures, movements and closeness of two people when they are talking. The scientists say that those gestures, movements and so on have meaning which words do not carry.
For example, the body distance between two speakers can be important. North Americans often complain that South Americans are unfriendly because they tend to stand close to the North American when speaking, while the South American often considers the North American to be "cold" or "distant" because he keeps a greater distance between himself and the person he is speaking to. The "eye contact" provides another example of what we are calling nonverbal communication. Scientists have observed that there is more eye contact between people who like each other than there is between people who don’t like each other. The length of time that the person whom you are speaking to looks at your eyes indicates the amount of interest he has in the things you are talking about.
On the other hand, too long a gaze can make people uncomfortable. The eyes apparently play a great part in nonverbal communication. Genuine warmth or interest, shyness or confidence can often be seen in the eyes. We do not always consider a smile to be a sign of friendliness. Someone who is always smiling, and with little apparent reasons, often makes us uneasy.
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. Which of the following about nonverbal communication is true?
30. Which of the following is NOT true?
31. How do people think about constant smiling without apparent reason?
Passage Three
Although most universities in the United States are on a semester system, which offers classes in the fall and spring, some schools observe a quarter system comprised of fall, winter, spring, and summer quarters. The academic year, September to June, is divided into three quarters of eleven weeks each beginning in September, January, and March; the summer quarter, June to August, is composed of shorter sessions of varying length.
There are several advantages and disadvantages to the quarter system. On the plus side, students who wish to complete their degrees in less than the customary four years may take advantage of the opportunity to study year round by enrolling in all four quarters. In addition, although most students begin their programs in the fall quarter, they may enter at the beginning of any of the other quarters. Finally, since the physical facilities are kept in operation year round, the resources are used efficiently to serve the greatest number of students. But there are several disadvantages as well. Many faculties complain that the eleven-week term is simply not long enough for them to cover the material required by most college courses. Students also find it difficult to complete the assignments in such a short period of time.
In order to combine the advantages of the quarter system with those of the semester system, some colleges and universities have instituted a three-term trimester system. In fourteen weeks, faculty and students have more time to cover material and finish course requirements, but the additional term provides more options for admission during the Year and accelerates the degree programs.
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
33. How many terms are there in a quarter system?
34. When may students begin studying in a school that uses a quarter system?
35. Which of the following characteristics does NOT apply to trimesters?
Section C
One of the genes that protects us from cancer may also help delay aging, according to a new study.
The findings could also one day lead to new drugs that prevent or fight cancer while (36) extending healthy youth and life span, said Manuel Serrano, a researcher at the Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, who worked on the study.
Serrano said researchers (37)genetically engineered mice to have an extra copy of a key cancer-fighting gene called p53 and found it also played an important role in delaying aging.
"Everyone agrees that the aging is produced by the (38) accumulation of faulty cells, " Serrano said. "In other words, p53 delays aging for exactly the same reason that it prevents cancer. "
(39) Previous cancer studies have shown that p53 can actually cause (40) pre-mature aging symptoms by killing too many cells when it goes into (41) overdrive, but Serrano said his research strictly (42) regulated the gene so that it turned on only when needed.
The gene did their ( 43 ) normal job of producing a protein that kills damaged cancer cells. But the researchers found that mice with an extra copy of the genes (44) actually lived longer even when stripping out the impact of having less cancer.
"This is the first anti-cancer gene tested for its effect on aging,"Serrano said. "The mice lived 16 percent longer in their average life span."
The p53 gene, when working properly, (45) makes sure that damaged cells destroy themselves and do not divide uncontrollably to cause tumors. If the gene is mutated or inactivated the control mechanism does not work.
Serrano also said that other research has shown that mice and worms that eat less have slower metabolisms and live longer. But his study offers evidence that (46) the mice can benefit from the extra copy of the genes without having to be starved.
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