大学英语四级考试历年全真试卷与详解
2008年12月
Section A?
Directions:
In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations
and 2 long conversations.
At the end of each conversation,
one or more questions will be asked about what was said.
Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.
After each question there will be a pause.
During the pause, you must read the four choices marked
A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2
with a single line through the centre.
11.M: I just received an E-mail from one of my former classmates.
I was surprised, I hadn't heard from him for ages.?
W: Well, I've been out of touch with most of my old friends,
only one or two still drop me a line occasionally.?
Q: What does the woman mean?
12.M: If you can make up your mind about the color,
I can start on the outside of your house early next week.?
W: Well, right now I think I want white for the window frames
and yellow for the walls,
but I'll let you know tomorrow.?
Q: Who is the woman talking to?
13.W: Excuse me, do you have any apartments available
for under 500 dollars a month?
I need to move in next week when my new job starts.?
M: The only vacant one I have is 600 dollars,
have you inquired at the apartment complex down the street??
Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?
14.W: You bought a pair of jeans yesterday, didn't you?
What are they like??
M: Oh, they are pretty much like my other ones,
except with a larger waist.
I guess I haven't spent much time exercising lately.?
Q: What can we infer from the conversation about the man?
15.W: I really like those abstract paintings we saw yesterday.
What do you think??
M: I guess it's something I haven't acquired a taste for yet.?
Q: What does the man imply?
16.W: You haven't seen a blue notebook, have you?
I hope I didn't leave it in the reading room.?
M: Did you check that pile of journals
you've borrowed from the library the other day??
Q: What is the man trying to say to the woman?
17.M: How about joining me for a cup of coffee??
W: I'd love to, but I'm exhausted.
I was up till 3 this morning,
writing a paper for my literature class.?
Q: Why does the woman decline the man's invitation?
18.W: You had a job interview yesterday, didn't you?
How did it go??
M: Not too bad, I guess.
There were about 20 candidates competing for the sales manager's job.
And finally it was down to three of us,
but the other two seemed better qualified.?
Q: What does the man imply?
Now you'll hear two long conversations.??
Conversation One?
W: Simon, how does it feel to be retired??
M: Well, not so bad.?
W: How have you been spending your time??
M: I have been spending more time with my family.
I've also travelled a bit, you know,
off season when everywhere is less crowded and hotels cost less.?
W: Great.?
M: You know I haven't stopped work completely.?
W: Yes, could you tell us more about this??
M: I'm on a scheme that's called phased retirement;
I had a six-month break from work,
after that I could apply for project work
with the company I used to work for.?
W: How does the scheme work??
M: Well, it's a trial at the moment.
Instead of hiring temporary stuff,
the company advertises posts on its website
that retired employees like myself can access.?
W: What sort of works advertised??
M: Well, all sorts of things, really.
Administrative work and more specialized work,
the sort of thing I can do.
Some of the projects can last five or six months,
and others can just be a couple of days.
I can decide more or less when to work.
So I can manage my own time.?
W: I can see it's good for you.
What is your company get out of this??
M: Well,I still have all my old contacts at work,
so I know who to contact to get something done.
The company gets flexibility, too.
Once the job's over, that's it.
I'm not on their books any more.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.?
19.Why does Simon find his retired life enjoyable??
20.How does Simon get to know about the company's available posts??
21.Why does the company adopt the phased retirement scheme? ?
Conversation Two?
W: Oh, where are we going??
M: I want to show you something.?
W: I know, but what is it??
M: A farm. It's just down this road.
It's a small place, but at least it would be our own.?
W: A farm? How can we afford to buy a farm??
M: It isn't very large, only 40 acres.
We wouldn't have to pay very much right now.?
W: Is there a house on the place??
M: A small one, two bedrooms,
but it needs to be fixed up a little.
I can do the job myself.?
W: OK. Is there enough space for a kitchen garden??
M: There is about half an acre around the house.
That's plenty of space.?
W: Then we can grow our own fresh vegetables.
And maybe keep a few chickens, couldn't we??
M: Yes, and we can probably grow a lot of our own food. ?
W: What are you thinking about growing,
if we do take this place??
M: Well, it really isn't big enough for corn.
I thought we might try to raise a crop of potatoes.?
W: Potatoes? There are a lot of work.?
M: We are used to hard work, aren't we??
W: Yes, we are, but the money.
Do we have enough to get started?
It seems like a dream. ?
M: I think we've saved enough.
We can pay a little on the farm
and maybe put a few dollars down on the tractor, too.?
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
22.What are the speakers going to do at the time of the conversation??
23.What does the man say about the farm??
24.Why does the man intend to grow potatoes
rather than corn on the farm??
25.What is the woman's greatest concern about the man's plan??
Section B?
Directions:
In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.
At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions.
Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.
After you hear a question,
you must choose the best answer
from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2
with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Members of the city council and distinguished guests,
it is my privilege to introduce to you today Mr. Robert Washington,
chief of our city's police force.
He will address us on the subject of the Community Policing Program.
Most of you know that Mr. Washington has a distinguished record
as head of our police force for more than ten years.
However, you may not know
that he also holds a master's degree in criminology
and studied abroad for a year with the international police force
which deals with crimes around the world.
Mr. Washington first introduced the Community Policing Program 8 years ago.
The idea behind the program is to get the police officers
out of their cars and into our neighborhoods
where they can talk directly to merchants and residents
about the real dynamics of our city.
These officers do more than make arrests.
They try to find ways to help solve the problems
that contribute to crime in the first place.
Often that means hooking people up
with services offered by other city agencies,
such as schools, hospitals,
housing, drug treatment centers.
And the program seems to be working:
crime is down and our citizens report
that they feel more secure.
Today Mr. Washington is going to tell us more about this program.
Now let's welcome Mr. Robert Washington.?
Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26.What is the purpose of the speaker's remarks??
27.What does the speaker say about Mr. Robert Washington??
28.What is the idea behind the Community Policing Program??
29.How has the Community Policing Program turned out to be?
Passage Two
There are between 3000 and 6000 public languages in the world,
and we must add approximately 6 billion private languages
since each one of us necessarily has one.
Considering these facts,
the possibilities for breakdowns in communication seem infinite in number.
However, we do communicate successfully from time to time.
And we do learn to speak languages.
But learning to speak languages seems to be a very mysterious process.
For a long time,
people thought that we learned a language
only by imitation and association.
For example, a baby touches a hot pot and starts to cry.
The mother says, “Hot, hot!”
And the baby, when it stops crying,
imitates the mother and says, “Hot, hot!”
However, Noam Chomsky, a famous expert in language,
pointed out that although children do learn some words
by imitation and association,
they also combine words to make meaningful sentences
in ways that are unique,
unlearned and creative.
Because young children can make sentences they have never heard before,
Chomsky suggested that human infants
are born with the ability to learn language.
Chomsky meant that underneath all the differences
between public and private languages,
there is a universal language mechanism
that makes it possible for us, as infants,
to learn any language in the world.
This theory explains the potential
that human infants have for learning language.
But it does not really explain
how children come to use language in particular ways.?
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
30.Why does the speaker say
there are great possibilities for communication breakdowns??
31.What is Chomsky's point on the ability to learn a language??
32.What does Chomsky's theory fail to explain according to the speaker??
Passage Three
When US spacewoman Joan Higginbotham
is not flying and working in space,
she might be found somewhere on earth giving a speech.
Higginbotham, who grew up in Chicago
and became an engineer before joining NASA,
that is the National Air and Space Administration,
gives about a dozen speeches a year.
Each speech is different
because she tailors her remarks to each audience.
Through interviews and E-mails,
she finds out in advance her listeners educational level
and what information they want to know.
On the subject of space walks, for example,
audiences vary in their interests
and how much complexity they can comprehend.
To elementary school children,
Higginbotham may discuss a problem
that many kids want to know about.
“How do spacemen in a spacesuit eat,
drink, and go to the bathroom?”
Her answer is “the spacesuit is really a small spacecraft
with room for food and water-containers,
and a waste collection system.”
To a high school audience,
she might satisfy a curiosity that often arises
in her pre-speech interviews with students
who obviously have seen many science fiction movies.
"Do spacemen carry weapons in case they encounter enemies in space?"
Her answer is “No”.
To scientists, she might provide technical details
on such topics as the design of spacesuits that protects spacemen
from the deadly temperature extremes of space.
Just as elaborate preparation is required for success in space,
Higginbotham says that it's important for speakers
to learn as much as possible about their listeners
before a speech because every audience is different. ?
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33.What did Joan Higginbotham do before joining in NASA??
34.How does Higginbotham prepare her speech on space walks??
35.What does the high school audience want to know about space travel??
Section C
Directions:
In this section, you will hear a passage three times.
When the passage is read for the first time,
you should listen carefully for its general idea.
When the passage is read for the second time,
you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43
with the exact words you have just heard.
For blanks numbered from 44 to 46
you are required to fill in the missing information.
For these blanks,
you can either use the exact words you have just heard
or write down the main points in your own words.
Finally, when the passage is read for the third time,
you should check what you have written.
Crime is increasing worldwide.
There is every reason to believe the trend
will continue through the next few decades. ?
Crime rates have always been high in multicultural,
industrialized societies such as the United States,
but a new phenomenon has appeared on the world scene
—rapidly rising crime rates in nations
that previously reported few offences.
Street crimes such as robbery, rape, murder,
and auto theft are clearly rising,
particularly in eastern European countries such as Hungary
and in western European nations such as the Untied Kingdom.?
What is driving this crime explosion?
There are no simple answers.
Still, there are certain conditions associated with rising crime:
increasing heterogeneity of population,
greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration,
democratization of governments, changing national borders,
greater economic growth
and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong.
These conditions are increasingly observable around the world.
For instance, cultures that were previously isolated and homogenous,
such as Japan, Denmark, and Greece,
are now facing the sort of cultural variety
that has been common in America for most of its history.
Multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience,
but it can also lead to a clash of values.
Heterogeneity in societies
will be the rule in the twenty first century,
and failure to recognize and plan for such diversity
can lead to serious crime problems.
Crime is increasing worldwide.
There is every reason to believe the trend
will continue through the next few decades. ?
Crime rates have always been high in multicultural,
industrialized societies such as the United States,
but a new phenomenon has appeared on the world scene
—rapidly rising crime rates in nations
that previously reported few offences.
Street crimes such as robbery, rape, murder,
and auto theft are clearly rising,
particularly in eastern European countries such as Hungary
and in western European nations such as the Untied Kingdom.?
What is driving this crime explosion?
There are no simple answers.
Still, there are certain conditions associated with rising crime:
increasing heterogeneity of population,
greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration,
democratization of governments, changing national borders,
greater economic growth
and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong.
These conditions are increasingly observable around the world.
For instance, cultures that were previously isolated and homogenous,
such as Japan, Denmark, and Greece,
are now facing the sort of cultural variety
that has been common in America for most of its history.
Multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience,
but it can also lead to a clash of values.
Heterogeneity in societies
will be the rule in the twenty first century,
and failure to recognize and plan for such diversity
can lead to serious crime problems.
Crime is increasing worldwide.
There is every reason to believe the trend
will continue through the next few decades. ?
Crime rates have always been high in multicultural,
industrialized societies such as the United States,
but a new phenomenon has appeared on the world scene
—rapidly rising crime rates in nations
that previously reported few offences.
Street crimes such as robbery, rape, murder,
and auto theft are clearly rising,
particularly in eastern European countries such as Hungary
and in western European nations such as the Untied Kingdom.?
What is driving this crime explosion?
There are no simple answers.
Still, there are certain conditions associated with rising crime:
increasing heterogeneity of population,
greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration,
democratization of governments, changing national borders,
greater economic growth
and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong.
These conditions are increasingly observable around the world.
For instance, cultures that were previously isolated and homogenous,
such as Japan, Denmark, and Greece,
are now facing the sort of cultural variety
that has been common in America for most of its history.
Multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience,
but it can also lead to a clash of values.
Heterogeneity in societies
will be the rule in the twenty first century,
and failure to recognize and plan for such diversity
can lead to serious crime problems.