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二、形近义异或义近形异名词的辨析
形近义异或义近形异名词的辨析是对四级旧题型词汇和语法部分的另一类沿袭和延伸,它在要求考生对所给四个名词做出确切中文解释的同时,也要求考生对其细微差异做出准确判定。名词常在用途和数量上有所区分。例如:英语中的license (执照,许可证) 和certificate (证书,证明),前者是许可某人从事某种职业的证书,而后者则是证明某人有能力或者曾经做过某事的证书,还有:incident (有历史意义的事件,插曲),event (重大事件,体育比赛的赛事),affair (时事,要事),emergency (紧急事件)。数量标准是考(试大区分英语名词的关键,因为名词最大的特点就在于其可数与不可数、单数与复数的划分。例如:work不可数意义是工作,变成复数works 则指作品,也可用来指工厂。所以,在平时练习中,考生应培养进一步查阅单词英文解释的习惯,并了解单词背后的文化蕴涵,捕获名词近义词之间的微妙差异。
For most of the refugees, the thought of going back brings mixed emotions. The past six months have been difficult. Families of as many as 10 people have had to shelter under a single tent and share cook stoves and bathing 1 with neighbors. "They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,"officials say. "They are dreaming of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to their herds and start farming again."But most will be returning to nothing but heaps of ruins. In many villages, electrical lines have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aid workers estimate that it will take years to re-build what the earthquake took away. And for the thousands of survivors, the 2 will never be complete.
1. A) facilities B) instruments C) implements D) appliances
2. A) reservation B) retreat C) replacement D) recovery
(2007年6月,CET-4)[解析]1题属于完形填空中义近形异名词的辨析,亦即俗称的名词近义词的辨析。给定的四个名词都含"工具,器械"的意思,但按照名词的用途,很容易区分它们的异同。instrument 指"用于精细工作或科学技术的工具"；implement指"在工作中任何有用或必需的器械", 尤指"较简单的农田或园艺工具"；appliance特指"家用电器"；facility 常用作复数形式表示"设施"。故得出正确选项A),bathing facilities,洗澡设施。此外,表示"设施,工具"的其他近义词还有:equipment (军用装备,野营用具) ,apparatus (一整套相连的设施) ,device (专门用途的设施)等。
2题属于完形填空中形近义异名词的辨析。四个词含义分别为:reservation"保留"；retreat"退却,退避"；replacement"取代,代替"；re-covery"恢复"。由句意:对于成千上万的幸存者,是不可能完全彻底地从这场地震中恢复的,得出正确选项D)。
