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[00:00.45]Coffee growers in many countries are worried about a new European rule designed to prevent deforestation.
许多国家的咖啡种植者对欧洲一项旨在防止毁林的新规定感到担忧。
[00:11.25]Deforestation describes when developers cut down trees to make room for crops, buildings or land where cattle can graze.
毁林是指开发商砍伐树木，为农作物、建筑物或牛群放牧的土地腾出空间。
[00:23.02]The new rule goes into effect at the end of 2024.
新规定将于2024年底生效。
[00:28.32]It covers products like coffee, cocoa, soy, palm oil, wood, rubber and beef.
这项规定涉及咖啡、可可、大豆、棕榈油、木材、橡胶和牛肉等产品。
[00:38.35]The European Union says all of those products result in tree cutting.
欧盟表示，所有这些产品都会导致树木遭到砍伐。
[00:45.70]The United Nations says deforestation is the world's second-leading cause of carbon emissions after the burning of fossil fuels.
联合国称，森林砍伐是仅次于化石燃料燃烧的全球第二大碳排放原因。
[00:58.95]Large producers must show their products come from land where trees have not been cut down since 2020.
大型生产商必须证明他们的产品来自从2020年以来没有砍伐过树木的土地。
[01:08.87]Smaller producers must do the same but will be permitted to sell their products until July 2025.
较小的生产商也必须这样做，但在2025年7月之前允许他们销售产品。
[01:19.17]A report from the World Wildlife Fund showed that Europe's imports of products linked to forest-clearing caused the second-most deforestation in the world in 2017.
世界自然基金会的一份报告显示，2017年，欧洲进口的与砍伐森林有关的产品造成的森林砍伐量位居世界第二。
[01:33.75]An expert said the new European rule could help prevent more deforestation and push farmers around the world to plant trees, vines and grasses.
一位专家表示，欧洲的新规定可能有助于防止更多的森林砍伐，并推动世界各地的农民种植树木、藤本植物和草。
[01:46.15]Helen Bellfield is a policy director at Global Canopy, a nonprofit organization based in Britain.
海伦·贝尔菲尔德是总部设在英国的非营利组织Global Canopy的政策主管。
[01:54.12]It suggests business change their production methods that hurt the environment.
该组织建议企业改变破坏环境的生产方式。
[02:00.90]She said the new EU rules could force governments to help farmers make changes.
她说，欧盟的新规定可能会迫使各国政府帮助农民做出改变。
[02:07.92]On the other hand, farmers could just sell to countries outside of the EU.
另一方面，农民可以直接向欧盟以外的国家销售产品。
[02:13.67]The world's top coffee producers include Vietnam, Ethiopia and Peru.
世界上最大的咖啡生产国包括越南、埃塞俄比亚和秘鲁。
[02:20.20]Growers in those countries worry they will no longer be able to sell in Europe.
这些国家的种植者担心他们将无法再在欧洲销售咖啡。
[02:26.37]The new EU rules could help coffee farmers like Le Van Tam of Vietnam who has taken the environment into account.
欧盟的新规定可以帮助像越南的黎文谭（Le Van Tam）这样考虑到环境问题的咖啡种植者。
[02:37.02]He first planted coffee in the Central Highlands area in 1995.
1995年，他第一次在中央高原地区种植咖啡。
[02:42.57]At the time, he cleared land so he could grow as much coffee as possible.
当时，他开垦了土地，以便尽可能多地种植咖啡。
[02:49.32]But in 2019, he changed his growing methods.
但在2019年，他改变了种植方式。
[02:53.62]Instead of using lots of fertilizers and pesticides, he started planting tamarind trees that add nutrients to the soil.
他没有大量使用化肥和杀虫剂，而是开始种植罗望子树，为土壤增加养分。
[03:04.42]He added black pepper vines and grass, which helps to keep the soil moist and prevents erosion.
他增种了黑胡椒藤和青草，这样有助于保持土壤湿润，防止侵蚀。
[03:13.40]The changes qualified his coffee as "organic," which opened new markets and made his coffee more valuable.
这些改变使他的咖啡达到“有机”的标准，从而打开了新市场，使他的咖啡增值。
[03:22.80]He did not produce more, but his profits went up, he said.
他说，他没有生产更多咖啡，但利润却提高了。
[03:29.27]Vietnam hopes that more farmers will make changes, which will permit them to sell in Europe and maintain the nation's rank as the world's second-largest coffee producer.
越南希望更多的农民做出改变，这将使他们能够在欧洲销售咖啡，并保持自身作为世界第二大咖啡生产国的地位。
[03:42.05]The news is not as good for those in Ethiopia and Peru.
对于埃塞俄比亚和秘鲁的人来说，情况就没那么好了。
[03:46.87]Orders for Ethiopian coffee are already falling and Peru's farmers who are in the Amazon River area may not be able to provide information required by the EU.
埃塞俄比亚咖啡的订单量已经在下降，亚马逊河地区的秘鲁农民可能无法提供欧盟要求的信息。
[04:01.07]"There will be winners and losers," Bellfield said.
贝尔菲尔德说：“有赢家就会有输家。”
[04:05.35]Vietnam depends on Europe for 40 percent of its coffee sales.
越南40%的咖啡销售依赖于欧洲。
[04:10.55]As soon as the new rules came out, the country began working to maintain its market share.
新规定一出台，越南就开始努力维持其市场份额。
[04:17.85]Vietnamese officials worked with small farmers to make sure their land met the new EU requirements.
越南官员与小农合作，确保他们的土地符合欧盟的新要求。
[04:25.57]In addition, it made a database showing where its coffee came from.
此外，越南还建立了一个数据库来显示咖啡的产地。
[04:32.47]Farmers like Tam got special certificates from international agencies that proved how his beans were grown.
像黎文谭这样的农民从国际机构获得了特别证书，证明他的咖啡豆是如何种植出来的。
[04:42.55]Tam said the extra work will be worth it because, even if his costs are higher, he can get more money for his coffee.
黎文谭说，额外的工作是值得的，因为即使成本增加，他的咖啡也能卖得更贵。
[04:52.22]"Otherwise, we will always be laborers," he said.
“否则，我们将永远是劳动者，”他说。
[04:57.77]Small Vietnamese farmers still must get ready for the new rules.
越南的小农仍须为新规定做好准备。
[05:03.82]They will need technology to prove where their beans came from and that their land is certified by the EU.
他们需要技术来证明他们的咖啡豆来自哪里，并证明他们的土地得到了欧盟的认证。
[05:14.90]They will also need to be sure the qualified beans are not mixed with banned beans.
他们还需要确保合格的咖啡豆不与违禁咖啡豆混在一起。
[05:23.32]From the harvest to shipment, new systems must be put into place to prevent errors.
从收获到装运，必须建立新的系统来防止出现问题。
[05:31.92]Brazil is another big coffee-producing nation.
巴西是另一个咖啡生产大国。
[05:37.10]Since it already sells a lot to Europe, experts say most of its products already meet EU requirements.
由于它已经向欧洲销售了大量产品，专家表示，其大多数产品已经符合欧盟的要求。
[05:47.82]But farmers in Peru and Ethiopia may need more time.
但秘鲁和埃塞俄比亚的农民可能需要更多时间。
[05:54.67]Gizat Worku is head of the Ethiopian Coffee Exporters Association.
吉扎特·沃库（Gizat Worku）是埃塞俄比亚咖啡出口商协会的负责人。
[06:02.10]He said collecting data about the land of millions of small farmers will be a problem.
他说，收集数百万小农的土地数据将是一个问题。
[06:09.57]"That requires a huge amount of resources," he said.
“这需要大量资源，”他说。
[06:15.15]Gizat said orders from Europe are already falling.
吉扎特说，来自欧洲的订单数量已经在下降。
[06:20.37]Some coffee exporters are thinking about selling to the Middle East and China instead.
一些咖啡出口商正在考虑转而销往中东和中国。
[06:27.62]Ethiopian coffee sells well in those places.
埃塞俄比亚咖啡在这些地方卖得很好。
[06:32.02]"These regulations are going to have a tremendous impact," Gizat said.
“这些规定将产生巨大的影响，”吉扎特说。
[06:39.10]I'm Anna Matteo. And I'm Dan Friedell.
安娜·马特奥、丹·弗里德尔为您共同播报。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
