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India's decision to halt some rice exports to prevent high prices at home has had affects stretching across Asia to Africa, observers say.
观察人士表示，印度决定停止部分大米出口，以防止国内大米价格高企，这一决定的影响已经从亚洲延伸到非洲。
Rice prices in Kenya, for example, jumped when Russia invaded Ukraine.
例如，当俄罗斯入侵乌克兰时，肯尼亚的大米价格飙升。
Russia is a big producer of fertilizer.
俄罗斯是化肥生产大国。
That problem combined with years of little rain in the Horn of Africa hurt East Africa's rice production.
这个问题再加上非洲之角多年来少雨影响了东非的稻米产量。
Low-cost rice from India helped fill Africa's needs, feeding hundreds of thousands of people who live in poor areas of Nairobi on less than $2 a day.
来自印度的廉价大米帮助满足了非洲的需求，以每天不到2美元的价格养活了内罗毕贫困地区数十万人。
But the price of a 25-kilogram container of rice in Kenya has risen by more than 12 percent, or more than $14 since June.
但自6月以来，肯尼亚一箱25公斤大米的价格已经上涨了12%以上，即14美元以上。
Importers there say they have not received shipments from India.
那里的进口商表示，他们没有收到来自印度的货物。
Fifty-one-year-old Francis Ndege has been selling rice to the poor in Nairobi for 30 years.
51岁的弗朗西斯·恩德格30年来一直在内罗毕向穷人出售大米。
He said, "I'm really hoping the imports keep coming."
他说：“我真的希望进口大米能源源不断地来。”
Cutting food exports is part of India's effort to keep prices at home low to prevent widespread public anger at the government.
削减食品出口是印度为保持国内低价格所付出的努力的一部分，以防止公众对政府的普遍愤怒。
The restrictions, however, take 9.5 million metric tons off the worldwide market.
然而，这些限制措施使全球市场减少了950万吨。
That is about a fifth of rice exports worldwide.
这大约是全球大米出口量的五分之一。
In addition to India's moves, the Associated Press reports that Vietnam's rice export prices have reached a 15 year high.
除了印度的举措外，美联社报道称，越南的大米出口价格已经达到了15年来的最高点。
And Russia, which had earlier agreed to permitted agricultural exports from Ukraine, withdrew a United Nations-supported deal last month.
俄罗斯早些时候曾同意允许乌克兰出口农产品，但它上个月撤回了一项联合国支持的协议。
Beau Damen works with natural resources in Bangkok for the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization.
博·达门在曼谷联合国粮食及农业组织从事自然资源工作。
He said the world is at an "inflection point."
他说，世界正处于“转折点”。
Even before India restricted rice exports, countries were buying rice with the expectation that supplies would soon be limited.
甚至在印度限制大米出口之前，各国就因预计供应很快就会受到限制而购买大米。
Some observers worry that other nations will follow India.
一些观察人士担心，其他国家会效仿印度。
The AP reports that the United Arab Emirates has suspended rice exports to preserve supplies although it is not a supplier.
美联社报道称，尽管阿联酋不是大米供应国，但它已经为保持供应而暂停大米出口。
Other observers worry that bad weather will affect rice harvests.
其他观察人士担心，恶劣天气将会影响大米收成。
They are saying the El Nino ocean event could affect harvests in many countries.
他们表示，厄尔尼诺海洋事件可能会影响许多国家的收成。
El Nino is a warm southern Pacific Ocean current that affects weather across a large area of the world.
厄尔尼诺现象是一股温暖的南太平洋洋流，影响着世界大部分地区的天气。
It takes place regularly but is difficult to predict.
它经常发生，但很难预测。
In Africa, rice consumption has been growing regularly.
在非洲，大米消费量一直在稳步增长。
Most countries depend heavily on imports.
大多数国家严重依赖进口。
Some African nations with growing populations are trying to grow their own rice.
一些人口不断增长的非洲国家正试图自己种植水稻。
But the results have not been what some had hoped.
但结果并不像一些国家所希望的那样。
Amadou Khan is a 52-year-old unemployed father of five children in Dakar.
阿马杜·汗是达喀尔一位52岁的失业父亲，有五个孩子。
He said his children eat rice with every meal except breakfast.
他说，除了早餐，他的孩子每顿饭都吃米饭。
He said his family is "just getting by."
他说，他们一家“只能勉强度日”。
Seventy percent of Senegal's imported rice comes from India, but it is now too costly.
塞内加尔70%的进口大米来自印度，但现在太贵了。
So, Khan is buying rice grown at home which is two-thirds the price.
因此，汗现在购买的国内种植的稻米的价格是印度进口大米价格的三分之二。
Senegal's agriculture ministry said more than half of the country's demand is grown locally.
塞内加尔农业部表示，该国一半以上的需求由本地种植的稻米来满足。
The ministry said Senegal is not "far from being self-sufficient."
该部表示，塞内加尔距离“自给自足已经不远了”。
Asian countries grow and use 90 percent of the world's rice.
亚洲国家种植和使用世界上90%的大米。
But even in Asia, some countries are struggling.
但即使在亚洲，一些国家也在苦苦挣扎。
The Philippines, for example, had an estimated 22 percent of its yearly production damaged by Typhoon Doksuri.
例如，据估计，菲律宾有22%的年产量受到台风杜苏芮的破坏。
The U.S. Department of Agriculture says the Philippines is the second largest rice importer after China.
美国农业部表示，菲律宾是仅次于中国的第二大大米进口国。
India's export restrictions and production problems blamed on the weather there make it an undependable export partner.
印度的出口限制措施和生产问题归因于那里的天气，这使得它成为一个不可靠的出口伙伴。
That is what Ashok Gulati of the Indian Council for Research and International Economic relations said.
这是印度国际经济关系研究委员会的阿肖克·古拉蒂所说的。
He added, "That's not good for the export business because it takes years to develop these markets."
他补充说，“这对出口业务不利，因为开发这些市场需要数年时间。”
Vietnam hopes to make gains during the current market movements.
越南希望在当前的市场波动中获利。
With prices high, it hopes to increase production.
在价格高企的情况下，该国希望增加产量。
The Agriculture Ministry also wants to use more land in the Mekong Delta to grow rice.
该国农业部还希望利用湄公河三角洲的更多土地种植水稻。
The Philippines is negotiating with Vietnam to get favorable prices.
菲律宾正在与越南谈判，以获得优惠的价格。
Vietnam also wants to target Britain, which gets rice from India.
越南还想把目标对准从印度进口大米的英国。
Thailand is another big rice producer.
泰国是另一个大米生产大国。
The government expects to export more rice this year than last.
该国政府预计今年的大米出口量将会超过去年。
Exports in the first six months of 2023 were 15 percent higher than the same period last year.
2023年前六个月的出口量比去年同期增长了15%。
But the situation in India has farmers and traders worried.
但印度的情况让农民和贸易商感到担忧。
Charoen Laothamatas is president of the Thai Rice Exporters Association.
乍龙·老塔玛塔是泰国大米出口商协会主席。
He said farmers are raising prices for unmilled rice and mill operators, who process the rice, are unwilling to sell it.
他说，农民正在提高未碾磨大米的价格，而加工大米的磨坊经营者不愿出售大米。
The millers want to get the best price under current market conditions.
磨坊主希望在当前的市场环境下获得最好的价格。
Lack of clarity about supplies leaves exporters unsure about prices and leads to an unwillingness to sell.
由于不太清楚供应情况，出口商对价格不确定，导致他们不愿出售。
As a result, Laothamatas noted, "No one wants to take the risk."
因此，老塔玛塔指出，“没有人想要冒这个险。”
I'm Dorothy Gundy. And I'm Mario Ritter, Jr.
多萝西·冈迪、小马里奥·里特为您共同播报。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
