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The administration of President Joe Biden recently proposed changes to U.S. immigration laws for asylum seekers.
美国总统乔·拜登领导的政府最近提议修改针对寻求庇护者的美国移民法。
The proposal comes as the U.S. prepares to end immigration regulations tied to the COVID-19 pandemic.
这项提议是在美国准备结束与新冠疫情相关的移民法规之际提出的。
The regulations are set to end in May.
这些规定将于5月结束。
The change would permit migrants to enter the U.S only if they did not pass through another country first.
这一改变将允许移民在没有首先经过另一个国家的情况下进入美国。
For example, Mexicans who want to seek asylum would be permitted to enter, but a person from Central America who spent time in Mexico on the way to the U.S. would be rejected.
例如，想要寻求庇护的墨西哥人将被允许进入美国，但来自中美洲的人在前往美国的途中在墨西哥停留过一段时间后将会被拒绝进入美国。
Biden's proposal must be reviewed for 30 days before it can take effect.
拜登的提议必须经过30天的审查才能生效。
If it does, it will stay in place for at least two years.
如果该提议生效，它将至少保留两年。
Experts said the law will likely be challenged by immigration supporters as well as those who want to limit immigration.
专家表示，这项法律可能会受到移民支持者以及那些想要限制移民的人的挑战。
The Biden administration described the rule as a necessary tool for when the pandemic-related restrictions called Title 42 end.
拜登政府称该规定是结束与新冠疫情相关的限制措施（即第42条法令）的必要工具。
Title 42 is the name for immigration restrictions put in place at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to limit the disease's spread.
第42条法令是在新冠疫情初期为限制疾病传播而实施的移民限制措施的名称。
Leaders in the departments of Justice and Homeland Security say letting Title 42 expire without putting something in its place would cause a fast increase in migrants trying to enter the U.S.
司法部和国土安全部的领导人表示，如果第42条法令到期而不采取任何措施将会导致试图进入美国的移民数量迅速增加。
Here is a look at how the new plan differs from the old one.
以下是新计划与旧计划的不同之处。
Under the new rule, migrants who come to the southern border of the U.S. will be denied entry unless they tried to gain asylum in another country first.
根据新规定，抵达美国南部边境的移民将被拒绝入境，除非他们首先设法在另一个国家获得庇护。
Migrants will be required to apply for an asylum interview before coming to the U.S.
新规要求移民在来美国之前申请庇护面试。
This can be done on a smart phone.
这可以在智能手机上完成。
Melissa Crowe is a lawyer with the Center for Gender and Refugee Studies.
梅丽莎·克罗是性别与难民研究中心的律师。
Crowe supports immigration rights.
克罗支持移民权利。
She and other critics say the new rule includes parts of policies presented by former President Donald Trump.
她和其他批评人士表示，新规定包括前总统唐纳德·特朗普提出的部分政策。
The main difference is that Biden's law permits migrants to appeal if they are denied entry.
主要区别在于，拜登的法律允许移民在被拒绝入境时上诉。
If the old rules expire without something in its place, government officials say they are worried about a huge number of migrants coming to the border.
政府官员表示，如果旧规定到期而没有任何替代措施，他们担心会有大量移民涌入边境。
There could be as many as 13,000 people per day.
每天可能会有多达1.3万人。
That is a much higher number than the busiest days during the last three years.
这一数字比过去三年最繁忙的时候要高得多。
The new rule, officials say, would prevent a fast increase.
官员们表示，新规定将防止移民数量快速增长。
Government officials point out there are special rules for people from Haiti, Venezuela, Cuba and Nicaragua.
政府官员指出，对来自海地、委内瑞拉、古巴和尼加拉瓜的移民有特殊的规定。
They say that makes Biden's proposal different from the Trump policies.
他们表示，这使得拜登的提议有别于特朗普的政策。
Krish O'Mara Vignarajah is the leader of Lutheran Immigration and Refugee Service.
克里希·奥玛拉·维格纳拉贾是路德教移民与难民服务组织的领导人。
She said her organization supports the expanded pathways for those four countries.
她说，她的组织支持为这四个国家扩大途径。
But the new rule, she said, leaves a lot of people from other countries at risk.
但她说，新规定让很多来自其他国家的人面临风险。
People are especially at risk if they must leave their home country right away or if they do not have enough money to come directly to the U.S.
如果人们必须立即离开他们的祖国，或者如果他们没有足够的钱直接来到美国，他们面临的风险尤其大。
Critics who want to further restrict immigration say Biden's policy would not cut down the number of migrants.
想要进一步限制移民的批评人士表示，拜登的政策不会减少移民数量。
Instead, they said the new plan's main goal is to better organize the process.
相反，他们表示，新计划的主要目标是更好地组织这一过程。
They also say the new plan is only supposed to get the current administration "through the next election cycle."
他们还说，新计划只是为了让现任政府“度过下一个选举周期”。
The U.S. and Mexico share a border that is more than 3,000 kilometers long.
美国和墨西哥的边境线长达3000多公里。
That means most asylum seekers who want to come to the U.S. spend some time there first.
这意味着大多数想要来美国的寻求庇护者会先在那里停留一段时间。
Mexico has not yet commented on the new plan.
墨西哥尚未对新计划发表评论。
The Biden administration, however, said it has been in "close consultation" with the Mexican government.
然而，拜登政府表示，其一直在与墨西哥政府进行“密切磋商”。
The U.S. said Mexico has agreed to take back people who are rejected at the border.
美国表示，墨西哥已同意接收被美国拒收的停留在边境的移民。
The people who wrote the new plan say countries such as Mexico, Belize, Costa Rica, Colombia and Ecuador have been accepting migrants.
起草新计划的人表示，墨西哥、伯利兹、哥斯达黎加、哥伦比亚和厄瓜多尔等国一直在接收移民。
But people who work to help migrants say those countries do not support migrants well enough, so they will still want to come to the U.S.
但致力于帮助移民的人表示，这些国家对移民的支持力度不够大，所以他们仍然想来美国。
The rule is open for comment for the next 30 days.
美国政府会在未来30天内征求公众对该规定的意见。
If there are no changes, it will go into effect on May 11 when Title 42 ends.
如果没有变化，它将于5月11日第42条法令结束时生效。
However, it is not clear if the old plan will end.
然而，尚不清楚旧计划是否会结束。
Leaders of some states say they want the current plan to stay in place.
一些州的领导人表示，他们希望当前的计划保持不变。
I'm Dan Friedell.
丹·弗里德尔为您播报。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
