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Tobacco is one of Turkey’s top agricultural products.
烟草是土耳其的主要农产品之一。
But some of the country’s tobacco farmers say rising operating costs linked to inflation are cutting deeply into their profits.
但该国的一些烟农表示，与通货膨胀相关的不断上升的运营成本正在大幅削减他们的利润。
In the tobacco growing area of Celikhan in the country’s southeast, farm worker Mehmet Emin Calkan said people are struggling and “don’t have much to live on.”
在该国东南部的烟草种植区切利汗，农场工人梅米特·埃明·卡尔根说，人们正在苦苦挣扎，“没有多少钱来维持生活”。
Calkan is 19 years old and hopes to go to university to study electronic engineering.
卡尔根今年19岁，他希望上大学学习电子工程。
But for now, he works in the fields.
但现在，他在田里干活。
He told the Associated Press he sometimes works until 9 p.m.
他告诉美联社，他有时会工作到晚上9点。
Calkan said he needs to work long days to help his family pay for the books he needs to prepare for the university entrance exam.
卡尔根说，他需要长时间工作，以帮助家人支付他准备大学入学考试所需的书费。
The man who runs the tobacco farm is Ismail Demir.
伊斯梅尔·德米尔经营烟草农场。
He said he is not making as much money this year because fertilizer is so costly.
他说，他今年赚的钱之所以没有那么多，是因为化肥太贵了。
Fertilizer is a chemical that helps plants grow.
化肥是一种帮助植物生长的化学物质。
Other costs are high, too, such as the diesel fuel he puts into his vehicle to drive to the fields.
其他东西的成本也很高，比如他开去田里的车所需的柴油。
Last year he spent about $3 to drive to work.
去年，他开车去工作花大约3美元。
Now it costs about $16 to travel the same distance.
现在，同样的距离需要花大约16美元。
The difficulties the farm owner and his worker are experiencing are happening in other industries across Turkey.
该农场主和他的工人正在经历的困难也发生在土耳其各地的其他行业。
The country is facing economic problems driven in part by inflation and weak currency valuations.
该国正面临着一定程度上由通货膨胀和疲软的货币估值造成的经济问题。
The Turkish government announced Monday that inflation rose nearly 84 percent from a year earlier.
土耳其政府周一宣布，该国的通货膨胀率比去年同期上涨了近84%。
That is the country’s highest increase in 24 years.
这是该国24年来的最高增幅。
It is also the highest among the world’s 20 largest economies.
这也是全球20个最大经济体中最高的。
Independent experts say the country’s actual inflation rate is much higher.
独立专家表示，该国的实际通货膨胀率要高得多。
The Inflation Research Group has estimated the rate is about 186 percent.
通货膨胀研究组织估计，通货膨胀率约为186%。
The largest increases are costs for transportation, food and non-alcoholic drinks.
涨幅最大的是交通、食品和非酒精饮料的价格。
Some countries are seeing price increases because of economic slowdowns related to the COVID-19 pandemic and the invasion of Ukraine by Russia.
由于新冠疫情和俄罗斯入侵乌克兰导致的经济放缓，一些国家的商品价格上涨。
But economists who study Turkey say the country’s economic problems are mostly linked to financial policy mistakes made by the government.
但研究土耳其的经济学家表示，该国的经济问题主要与政府犯的金融政策错误有关。
For example, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has said he believes higher costs for borrowing money leads to higher prices.
例如，土耳其总统雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安表示，他认为借贷成本上升会导致价格上涨。
Most economists, however, believe the opposite is true.
然而，大多数经济学家认为事实恰恰相反。
But because of the president’s pressure, the Turkish central bank has lowered the cost of borrowing.
但由于总统的压力，土耳其央行降低了借贷成本。
When the bank recently lowered the cost of borrowing by one percent, to 12 percent, it weakened Turkey’s money, the lira.
当该银行最近将借贷成本降低1%至12%时，它使得土耳其的货币里拉贬值。
The currency has lost more than 50 percent of its value since 2021.
自2021年以来，里拉贬值超50%。
Erdogan is up for election in June 2023.
埃尔多安将参加2023年6月举行的选举。
He has said his government is centering on measures aimed at increasing exports and driving economic growth.
他说，他的政府正集中精力采取措施，以增加出口和推动经济增长。
Such policies have already helped save 10 million jobs, the president claims.
总统称，这些政策已经帮助挽救了1000万个工作岗位。
In a recent speech, Erdogan said the interest rate “has to go down further.”
在最近的一次讲话中，埃尔多安表示，利率“必须进一步下调”。
He suggested this will cause inflation to drop as well.
他表示，这也将会导致通货膨胀率下降。
The Turkish government has put a number of policies in place to help people deal with inflation.
土耳其政府已经出台了一系列政策来帮助人们应对通货膨胀。
It increased the minimum wage, put in a limit on rent increases and reduced taxes on energy bills.
土耳其政府提高了最低工资，限制了租金上涨，并降低了能源税。
But even with the policies, people are having trouble keeping up with basic living costs, also called expenses.
但即使有了这些政策，人们还是难以支付基本生活费用（即开支）。
Another tobacco grower in Celikhan is Ibrahim Suna.
易卜拉欣·苏纳是切利汗的另一位烟草种植者。
He said he is currently struggling to support his family.
他说，他目前正在努力养家糊口。
“Tobacco is our only means of living, and we have no other income,” Suna said.
苏纳说：“烟草是我们唯一的谋生手段，我们没有其他收入”。
He has five children.
他有五个孩子。
Suna said he expects to earn about $5,400 this year from a harvest of 400 kilograms of tobacco.
苏纳说，他预计今年可以从收获的400公斤烟草中赚大约5400美元。
But, he noted, “half of it will go to expenses.”
但是，他指出，“其中一半将用于开支。”
I’m Dan Friedell.
丹·弗里德尔为您播报。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
