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From VOA Learning English, this is the Economics Report.
这里是美国之音慢速英语经济报道。
A new report says income inequality is hurting the potential for growth around the world. It says the best way to deal with the inequality -- or lack of fairness -- is by helping poor people and the middle class.
一份新的报告称，收入不均等正在损害全球的增长潜力。报告称，应对收入不均等的最佳方式就是帮助穷人和中产阶级。
The report is based on an International Monetary Fund study. It examined the issue of income inequality: the differences in wealth between the rich and everyone else.
这份报告是基于国际货币基金组织的研究。它调查了收入不均等问题：即富人和其他人之间的财富差异。
Opinions about income inequality are not hard to find. Many people are concerned about the issue. Kalpana Kochhar is Deputy Director of Strategy, Policy and Review Department at the IMF. On Monday, she said, "The gap between the rich and the poor is at the highest level in decades in advanced countries, and inequality is also rising in major emerging markets."
关于收入不均等的观点并不难找。许多人都关心这个问题。卡尔帕纳·科赫哈（Kalpana Kochhar）是国际货币基金组织战略、政策和检查部的副主任。她在周一说，“发达国家贫富之间的差距正处于数十年来的最高水平，而主要新兴市场国家的收入不均等也在不断提高。”
The new report is called "Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality: A Global Perspective." Ms. Kochhar said, inequality trends have been mixed in emerging markets and developing countries. Some countries are experiencing falling inequality rates, with poor people and the middle class making gains. However, pervasive inequities in education, health care, and finance remain in areas such as Latin America, Middle East and Africa.
这份新的报告名为《全球视角：收入不均等问题的前因后果》。科赫哈女士表示，收入不均等趋势在新兴市场和发展中国家各不相同。一些国家收入不均等比率正在下降，穷人和中产阶级受益。然而，教育、医疗和金融方面的普遍不均等仍然存在于拉丁美洲、中东和非洲等地区。
The report suggested that policymakers direct their attention on the poor and middle class. That is because they are the major force for economic growth -- or an increase in a country's gross domestic product, or GDP. The GDP is the value of all the finished goods and services produced within the country.
该报告建议政策制定者要把注意力投向穷人和中产阶级。这是因为他们是经济或国民生产总值增长的主要动力。国民生产总值是指该国所有产品和服务的总价值。
The organizers of the study disputed the main idea of what has been called "trickle down" economic theory. The theory states that economic benefits provided to the wealthy will indirectly help everyone else. The idea is that money and other financial resources will "trickle down" to them.
这项研究的组织者对所谓的涓滴效应经济理论的主要观点表示异议。涓滴理论指出，提供给富人的经济利益将会间接地帮助其他人。该观点认为，这些资金和其它财政资源会对其他人产生涓滴效应。
The IMF study, however, shows the opposite is true. It found that a one percent increase in the earnings of the richest 20 percent of people led to a nearly one percent decrease in GDP growth over a five-year period. An increase in the income share of the poorest 20 percent, the study found, led to more than a one-third percent increase in GDP.
然而国际货币基金组织的这份研究表明结果恰恰相反。该研究发现，最富有的20%的人财富增加1%，会导致五年内国民生产总值增速下降1个百分点。研究还发现，最穷的20%的人收入占比增加，会导致国民生产总值增加0.33%以上。
Kalpana Kochhar said this means that directing policy to the poor and middle class is good for growth. She said this means that ending poverty could also improve growth prospects for all. She said that is "a fairly powerful message" for policymakers and researchers around the world.
科赫哈表示，这意味着将政策导向穷人和中产阶级有利于经济增长。她说，这意味着，消除贫困还可以改善所有增长前景。她说，这对世界各地的决策者和研究者来说是一条相当给力的信息
The report said there is no single program that will succeed in all countries. It said the difference in income levels can have different reasons. The report urged governments to find ways to solve the problem that are specific to their own countries and institutions.
报告称，当前并没有一个可以在所有国家都取得成功的统一药方，收入水平的差异存在不同原因。报告督促各国政府要根据本国情况寻找解决途径。
And that's the Economics Report. I'm Mario Ritter.
以上就是本期美国之音慢速英语经济报道的全部内容。我是马里奥·理特（Mario Ritter）。
本栏目视频字幕与文本并不完全对应，且视频播放缓冲时间较长，敬请谅解！
