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科学美国人60秒:鱼的神经系统侧线能够感知压力变化和捕食者

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A lot of fishermen will tell you that fish have kind of a sixth sense.
They avoid obstacles, effortlessly slalom between vortices or whirlpools, and hide from predators—even when they can't see.
But how do they do it?
Researchers from the University of Florida and New York University think they've found the answer.
Nearly all fish, they say, have a similar network of sensors along their bodies that are exquisitely sensitive to changes in water pressure.
The report is in the journal Physical Review Letters.
For the study, the researchers made a plastic rainbow trout with an accurate configuration of flow sensors on its body.
Known as the “lateral line,”these sensors apparently act like a hydrodynamic antenna, picking up signals about the flow of water around them.
They put the fake fish in water, and simulated important real-life situations—for example, a bigger fish swimming nearby that might want to turn the trout into sushi.
The researchers noted that the natural setup of the fish's sensors includes a higher density of them on the parts of the body subject to the greatest pressure changes.
So the sensory awareness of its environment is highly resolved—showing that the notion that fish have a sixth sense isn't fishy at all.

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重点单词   查看全部解释    
environment [in'vaiərənmənt]

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n. 环境,外界

 
network ['netwə:k]

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n. 网络,网状物,网状系统
vt. (

 
avoid [ə'vɔid]

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vt. 避免,逃避

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density ['densiti]

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n. 密集,密度,透明度

 
goodwill ['gud'wil]

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n. 善意,亲切,友好; 商誉,信誉。

 
rubbish ['rʌbiʃ]

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n. 垃圾,废物,废话
v. 贬损

 
pressure ['preʃə]

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n. 压力,压强,压迫
v. 施压

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lateral ['lætərəl]

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adj. 侧面的,横向的,旁边的
n. 分流,

 
rainbow ['reinbəu]

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n. 彩虹
adj.五彩缤纷的

 
plastic ['plæstik, plɑ:stik]

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adj. 塑料的,可塑的,造型的,整形的,易受影响的

 

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