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This is the VOA Learning English Education Report.
这里是美国之音慢速英语教育报道。
Many students say there is no easy way to write college papers. This may be especially true if English is not your first language. Most teachers agree that there is no single correct way to create a personal essay or research paper. But there are methods to help you structure your papers.
很多学生表示写论文别无捷径，这对母语非英语者来说尤其如此。大多数老师认同写个人短文或研究论文没有唯一正确的办法，但有办法帮助你组织论文。
One way often used to structure writing is the traditional five-paragraph essay. Many students learn this form in middle and high school. The paragraphs follow conventions or established rules.
组织文章的常用之道是传统的五段式论文。很多学生在初中和高中学会这种形式的写作办法。这些段落遵循一些既定规则。
The first paragraph is introductory. It tells the reader what the paper is about. It is followed by three paragraphs containing evidence that support the writer's argument. The final paragraph is the conclusion. It provides a reasoned opinion based on the evidence.
首段是序言，告诉读者这篇论文关于什么。紧接的三段包含了支持作者论点的论据。最后一段是结论，该段基于论据提出一个合理观点。
Allison Cummings teaches English at Southern New Hampshire University. She is among many professors who find this form too simple for college work. Still, on the positive side, Ms. Cummings says the five-paragraph essay form teaches a student some tools for writing a paper.
艾莉森·卡明斯（Allison Cummings）在新罕布什尔南方大学教英语。她和很多老师都觉得这种写作结构对大学论文来说过于简单。然而从积极方面来说，卡明斯女士认为五段式论文结构教给学生一些写论文的办法。
She says the form teaches the need for the opening statement or thesis. This thesis tells the reader what will come next. In addition students who have learned to write a five-paragraph essay know they must provide evidence. And Ms. Cummings says the writer will know a conclusion is required.
她说这种写作结构教会学生们论文需要开篇点题，点题能告诉读者接下来是什么内容。此外，会写五段式论文的学生懂得他们必须提供论据。卡明斯女士还表示，写作者还懂得给出结论。
But she also says the five-paragraph essay falls far short of college writing needs.
但她也表示，五段式论文远远不能满足大学写作的需求。
"Most of the subjects that students are asked to write about are going to involve more paragraphs, and more points and more complexities."
“大部分学生都被要求写包含多个段落，多个观点，结构更加复杂的论文。”
So if a traditional method for structuring a research paper does not work, what steps can help you structure your writing. Ms. Cummings' students learn several ways to organize their papers. The pace at which they learn differs.
所以，如果用这种传统方法组织论文结构行不通，那应该怎么办呢？卡明斯女士的学生学会了多种组织论文结构的方法，他们学到的各不相同。
Ms. Cummings says doing research for a paper helps some students in their writing. The teacher says noting the way the research is structured can help students organize their own writing.
卡明斯女士表示，为论文做些研究工作有助于学生写作。她说，指明研究的构成方式可以帮助学生们组织他们自己的文章。
"They will read articles and see what other people argue about whatever issues they are writing on and get a sense of what the points out there, what the debates are out there, and then let that structure what they come up with."
“他们会读一些文章，看看别人如何讨论他们要写的问题，并了解到如何得出论点，如何进行辩论，然后由此组织好他们的观点。”
Allison Cummings offers sample outlines -- examples for organizing papers.
卡明斯提供了一些组织论文的大纲模版。
"If they want to use them, they are free to follow that kind of standard template."
“如果他们想用这些大纲模版，就可以自行效仿这类标准模版。”
Ms. Cummings also provides her students with examples of successful and unsuccessful student papers. That way her class can see what works in a piece of writing and what does not.
卡明斯女士还给学生们提供了成功和失败的学生论文样本。这样，她的班级就能明白写一篇文章哪些可行，哪些不可行。
And that's the VOA Learning English Education Report. I'm Jerilyn Watson.
以上就是本期美国之音慢速英语教育报道的全部内容。我是杰里·沃森（Jerilyn Watson）。
本栏目视频字幕与文本并不完全对应，且视频播放缓冲时间较长，敬请谅解！
