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文章四
If you look at the apps on your phone, chances are you have at least one related to your health- and probably several.
如果你查看手机上的应用，很有可能至少有一个与你的健康有关，甚至可能有几个。
Whether it is a mental health app, a fitness tracker, a connected health device or something else, many of us are taking advantage of this technology to keep better track of our health in some shape or form.
无论是心理健康应用、健身追踪器、联网健康设备还是其他什么，我们许多人都在利用这项技术以某种形式更好地追踪我们的健康状况。
Recent research from the Organization for the Review of Care and Health Applications found that 350,000 health apps were available on the market, 90,000 of which launched in 2020 alone.
最近来自《护理和健康应用组织》的研究发现，市场上有35万款健康应用，其中仅在2020年就有9万款上市。
While these apps have a great deal to offer, it is not always clear how the personal information we input is collected, safeguarded, and shared online.
虽然这些应用提供了很多便利，但我们输入的个人信息是如何收集、保护和在线分享的并不总是清晰可见。
Existing health privacy law, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, is primarily focused on the way hospitals, doctors' offices, clinics, and insurance companies store health records online.
现有的健康隐私法，如《健康保险携带性与责任法案》，主要关注医院、医生办公室、诊所和保险公司在线存储健康记录的方式。
The health information these apps and health data tracking wearables are collecting typically does not receive the same legal protections.
这些应用和健康数据追踪设备收集的健康信息通常没有获得相同的法律保护。
Without additional protections in place, companies may share (and potentially monetize) personal health information in a way consumers may not have authorized or anticipated.
在没有额外保护的情况下，公司可能以消费者未经授权或预期的方式分享(甚至变现)个人健康信息。
In 2021, Flo Health faced a Federal Trade Commission(FTC) investigation.
在2021年，Flo Health面临了联邦贸易委员会(FTC)的调查。
The FTC alleged in a complaint that "despite express privacy claims, the company took control of users' sensitivity fertility data and shared it with third parties."
FTC在一份投诉中声称:“尽管公司明确声明了隐私权利，但该公司控制了用户的敏感生育数据并与第三方分享了这些数据。”
Flo Health and the FTC settled the matter with a Conscompany to get app users' express affirmative consent before sharing their health information as well as to instruct the third parties to delete the data they had obtained.
Flo Health和 FTC通过一项同意命令解决了这一问题，要求该公司在分享用户健康信息之前获得应用用户的明确肯定同意，并指示第三方删除他们获取的数据。
Section 5 of the FTC Act empowers the FTC to initiate enforcement action against unfair or deceptive acts, meaning the FTC can only act after the fact if a company's privacy practices are misleading or cause unjustified consumer harm.
FTC法案的第5节赋予了FTC对不公平或欺骗行为发起执法行动的权力，这意味着 FTC 只能在事后采取行动，如果公司的隐私实践具有误导性或导致不合理的消费者伤害。
While the FTC is doing what it can to ensure apps are keeping their promises to the Order requiring the consumers around the handling of their sensitive health information, the rate at which these health apps are hitting the market demonstrates just how immense ofa challenge this is.
尽管FTC 正在尽其所能确保应用程序在处理用户敏感健康信息方面遵守对消费者的承诺，但这些健康应用不断涌现的速度表明这是一个巨大的挑战。
As for the prospects for federal legislation, commentators suggest that comprehensive federal privacy legislation seems unlikely in the short term.
至于联邦立法的前景，评论员认为在短期内全面的联邦隐私法案似乎不太可能。
States have begun implementing their own solutions to shore up protections for consumer-generated health data.
各州已经开始实施自己的解决方案以加强对由消费者生成的健康数据的保护。
Califomia has been at the forefront of state privacy efforts with the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018.
加利福尼亚一直在州隐私方面处于前列，2018年颁布了《加利福尼亚州消费者隐私法案》。
Virginia, Colorado, and Utah have also recently passed state consumer data privacy legislation.
弗吉尼亚、科罗拉多和犹他州最近也通过了州级的消费者数据隐私法案。
36. The research findings are cited in paragraph 1 to show
36.研究结果在第1段中被引用，以表明
A. the prevalence of health apps
A.健康应用程序的流行
B. the public concern over health
B.公众对健康的关注
C. popularity of smartphone
C.智能手机的普及程度
D. the advancement of technology
D.技术的进步
37. What does the author imply about existing health privacy law?
37.作者对现有的健康隐私法有什么暗示？
A. Its coverage needs to be extended
A.它的覆盖范围需要扩大
B. Its enforcement needs strengthening
B.它的执行需要加强
C. It has discouraged medical misconduct
C.它阻止了医疗不端行为
D. It has disappointed insurance companies
D.它让保险公司感到失望
38. Before sharing its users' health information, Flo Health is required to
38.在共享其用户的健康信息之前，要求Flo Health
A. seek the approval of the FTC
A.寻求联邦贸易委员会的批准
B. find qualified third parties
B.查找符合条件的第三方
C. remove irrelevant personal data
C.删除不相关的个人数据
D. obtain their explicit permission
D.获得他们的明确许可
39. What challenges is the FTC currently faced with?
39.联邦贸易委员会目前面临哪些挑战？
A. The complexity of health information.
A.健康信息的复杂性。
B. The rapid increase in new health apps.
B.新健康应用的快速增长。
C. The subtle deceptiveness of health apps.
C.健康应用程序的微妙欺骗性。
D. The difficulty in assessing consumer harm.
D.评估消费者损害的难度。
40. It can be learned from the last paragraph that health data protection
40.从最后一段可以了解到，健康数据保护
A. has been embraced by health app developers
A. 已经受到健康应用程序开发人员的欢迎
B. has been a focus of federal policy-making
B.一直是联邦政策制定的重点
C. has encountered opposition in California
C.在加利福尼亚州遭到了反对
D. has gained legislative support in some states
D.在一些州获得了立法支持
