[by:可可英语～www.utensil-race.com]
[00:00.01]By around 12,000 years ago, the Clovis people and their descendants had not only spread across North America, 
大约在一万两千年前，克洛维斯人与他们的后裔，不仅仅已经遍布北美，
[00:06.42]but had also reached the southernmost tip of South America. 
同时到达了南美洲的最南端。
[00:10.20]Not long after this, warming climate and melting ice raised sea levels sharply so that the land-bridge to Asia flooded once again. 
没过多久，全球气候变暖，冰川融化，海平面大幅度回升，再次淹没了通往亚洲的大陆架。
[00:19.24]There was no way back.
没有退路了。
[00:21.27]For the next nine thousand years, in fact until European contact in the sixteenth century AD, 
于是在接下来的九千多年，直到公元十六世纪左右欧洲探险者重新发现了美洲，
[00:26.19]the civilisations of the Americas would develop on their own. So, 12,000 years ago, 
在此之间的悠悠岁月里，美洲文明将独立发展，自成一体。因此，一万两千年前，
[00:33.02]we had reached a key moment in human history.
我们到达了人类历史上的关键时刻。
[00:35.36]With the exception of the islands of the Pacific, human beings had settled the whole habitable world.
随了太平洋岛屿以后，人类差不多生息繁衍在了世界任何可居住的角落。
[00:41.23]We seem to be hard-wired to keep moving, to want more, to find out whats beyond the next hill. 
我们似乎与生俱来有一种永远向前的天性，想要得到更多，发现更多，去跨越下一座山峰。
[00:46.36]Broadcaster and traveller Michael Palin has covered a good deal of the globe - what does he think drives us on?
广播员与旅行家迈克尔·佩林差不多走遍全世界了，那他又是什么力量驱动这种人性执着呢？
[00:52.31]In myself Ive always been very restless and, from when I was very small, interested in where I wasnt, 
“对于我自己而言，我一向就很不安分了，就是呆不住。很小很小的时期，我对所有我没去过的地方都感兴趣，
[00:58.55]what was over the horizon,  what was round the next corner. 
想去看看地平线之外有什么，下个转弯处之后又有什么。
[01:02.57]And the more you look at the history of homo sapiens, its all about movement, 
而且当你看了越多的“智人”历史，
[01:06.49]right from the very first time they decided to leave Africa.
你就越感觉从他们决定离开非洲的那一刻起，那便是一部旅行探索的历史。
[01:11.01]It is this restlessness which seems a very significant factor in the way the planet was settled by humans. 
现在看来似乎这种躁动不安的天性恰恰是一种非常重要的因素，决定了人类在这地球上的定居方式。
[01:18.00]It does seem that we are not settled, we think we are, but we are still looking for somewhere else where something is better 
其实并不是说我们没能安居下来，我们觉得我们安顿好了，然而我们还是自然而然地想往别外寻找更好的地方，
[01:23.42]where its warmer, its more pleasant.
更温暖，更恰人的地方。可能这是一种元素，精神元素。
[01:25.47]Maybe there is an element, a spiritual element, of hope in this whole thing. 
你知道你就是得去寻找这片乐土。
[01:30.19]You know, that you are going to find somewhere that is going to be wonderful. 
这是在寻找天堂，在寻找极乐世界。
[01:33.39]Its the search for paradise, the search for the perfect land - maybe thats at the bottom of it all, all the time.
也许这追求在是整个人类历史上很本质的，一直就是。
[01:38.47]Hope, as the defining human quality - wouldnt that be an encouraging note in which to end this first week of our history of the world?
希望是一种定义人性的要素，拿它来结束我们《百件物品中的世界历史》这系列第一周五集节目岂不鼓舞人心？
[01:47.56]Whats stood out for me in this weeks long journey of nearly two million years, is the constant human striving to do things better
本周我们经历了将近两百万年的漫长旅程，感受最深的一点是人类总是不断努力着把事情做得更好，
[01:56.03]to make tools that are not only more efficient but also more beautiful, 
把工具制造得不仅仅更高效，而且更漂亮；
[01:59.55]to explore not just environments but ideas, to struggle towards something not yet experienced. 
探索的不仅仅是周围的环境，而且是思想；向未知事物奋斗着。
[02:07.18]The objects Ive looked at this week have tracked that move 
本周我介绍的各件物品，
[02:10.46]from tools for survival not so different from what other animals might use, to a great work of art and the beginnings of religion.
从一件可能动物也能使用、效用不高的生存工具开始，以一件意味着宗教起点的伟大艺术作品结尾。
[02:18.41]Next week, Im going to be looking at how, about ten thousand years ago, we began to transform the natural world by starting to farm. 
下一周，我将继续去探索近万年前，我们是如何去将自然世界改造成农场。
[02:26.47]In the process, changing not just the landscape, but plants, animals and, above all, ourselves.
在此过程中，改变的不仅仅是地貌景观，还有植被、动物，还有最重要的我们自身。
[02:38.15]And Im going to be focussing on two favourite pastimes - food and sex.
而且我将聚集于人类最喜爱的两种消遣方式——食欲与性欲的满足。