[00:00.00]Lesson 53  evolve
第53课  逐渐形成，发展
[00:06.34]Sweden has evolved an excellent system for protecting the individual citizen
瑞典已逐渐开成了一种完善的制度，保护公民不受专横、
[00:13.49]from high handed or incompetent public officers.
不称职的政府官员的欺压。
[00:19.34]It is believed that mankind evolved from the apes.
有人认为人是从类人猿演化而来的。
[00:24.88]The factory evolved a new financial system.
工厂形成了一种一套新的财政制度。
[00:30.24]high-handed
高压的，专横的
[00:33.99]We have got used to his high-handed way.
我们已经习惯了他那套高压作风。
[00:39.14]It was rather high-handed of him to take that decision without consulting others first.
他太专横，没有和大家商量就做出了 那个决定。
[00:45.78]incompetent
不够格的，不称职的
[00:48.97]Not that he is incompetent,but that he lacks experience.
他并不是不称职，只是缺乏经验。
[00:54.73]He dismissed all the incompetent managers the first thing after he took over the company.
他接掌公司的第一件事就是把所有的不称职的管理人员一律解雇。
[01:04.59]over-zealously
过分热情的
[01:08.31]The Swedes were the first to recognize that public officials like civil servants,
瑞典人首先意识到公务员，如文职人员、
[01:15.47]police officers,or tax-collectors can make mistakes
警官，卫生稽查员、税务官等等也会犯错误，
[01:22.98]or act over-zealously in the belief they are serving the public.
或者自以为在为公众服务而把事情做了头。
[01:29.73]The very fact that he acted over-zealously to find the thief,
他过分热心地张罗着抓贼反而暴露了他，
[01:35.64]which was quite unlike his usuas self,betrayed him.
因为太不像他平时的为人了。
[01:41.78]Reba means well;she just tends to act a little over-zealously.
瑞芭是好意，只不过是有时候好心过了头。
[01:47.58]safeguard
保护
[01:50.83]As long ago 1869,the Swedish Parliament introduced a scheme to safeguard the interest of the individual.
早在1869年，瑞典议会就建立了一个保护公民利益的制度。
[02:03.74]The first duty of a government is to safeguard its people against external aggression.
政府地首要责任昌保护人民不受外来侵略。
[02:12.05]Must not the safety of society be safeguarded by some punishment?
为了保证社会的安宁，难道不需要有一种刑罚吗？
[02:18.64]parliamentary
国会的
[02:21.55]The country does not have a parliamentary political system.
那个国家没有一种议会政治制度。
[02:27.09]This is in keeping with the parliamentary procedure.
这是符合国会程序的。
[02:33.30]qualified
合格的，称职的
[02:36.09]A parliamentary committee representing all political parties
议会内有一个代表各政党利益的委员会，
[02:41.93]appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances.
由它委派一位称职的人选专门调查个人意见。
[02:49.84]The post requires qualified office personnel.
这个称职需要称职的公务人员。
[02:55.48]It is up to chairman to decide whether he is qualified to serve in the board.
他是否有资格进入委员会得由主席决定。
[03:03.23]grievance
不平，冤屈
[03:06.18]A parliamentary committee representing all political parties
议会内有一个代表各政党利益的委员会，
[03:11.68]appionts who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances.
由它委派一位称职的人选为门调查个人意见。
[03:19.38]He had alternately whined about his grievances.
他哼哼唧唧地诉说他受的委屈。
[03:24.43]Maggie had kept silent about her grievance.
麦琪对她的冤屈一直保持沉默。
[03:29.88]Justiteombudsman
（瑞典的）司法特派员
[03:34.69]The official title of the person is Justiteombudsman,
这个人的官衔是“司法特派员”
[03:41.73]but the Swedes commonly refer to him as the 'J O'or 'Ombudsman'.
但瑞典人一般都管他叫“J O’即”特派员”。
[03:50.09]ombuduman
司法特派员
[03:53.52]secretive
保密的
[03:56.93]There is nothing secretive about the Ombudman's work,for his correspondnce is open to public inspection.
司法特派员的工作没有任何秘密可言，他的信件是公开的，供公众监督。
[04:08.28]Some firms were secretive,
有些企业保守秘密，
[04:12.34]to a point that they do not even inform their joint venture partner of the exact location.
准确地点连合作伙伴都没有告诉。
[04:20.24]correspondence
来往信件
[04:23.89]We have a heavy correspondence to deal with.
我们有很多信件需要处理。
[04:29.39]The dramatist got his correspondence published.
剧作家把他的通信出版了。
[04:35.04]alter
改变
[04:37.79]He may gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament that a law be altered.
他可以温各地批评某位官员，甚至可以向议会提议修改某项法律。
[04:48.44]Processing and storage may alter plant vitamin content.
加工和贮藏会改变作物中维生素的含量。
[04:54.19]The order of the earlier chapters were altered.
前几章的次序被更动了。
[04:59.04]accusation
谴责，指控，指责
[05:03.19]There was nothing in the record to show that the foreigner's complaint was justified
记录中没有任何文字记载证明外国人反映的情况属实
[05:10.04]and the Chief of Police strongly denied the accusation.
警察局长对这一指控也失口否认。
[05:16.64]How do you answer the accusation that your policies have caused high unemployment?
你们的政府造成了高失业率，对这个指责你们如何答复？
[05:24.24]Christabel joked she would make an accusation against the baker
克里斯塔贝尔开玩笑说她要对面点师提出指控，
[05:30.69]who made far too delicious muffins for her figure.
他做的松饼太美味了，对她保持体形不利。
[05:36.19]ascertain
查出、查明
[05:39.39]The lawyer ascertained that a policeman had indeed dealt roughly with foreigners on several occasions.
律师查明的确有个警察多次粗鲁地对待外国人。
[05:50.35]The previously unidentified object has now been definitely ascertained as satellites.
先前的不明飞行物现在已经查明了是卫星。
[05:58.59]prejudiced
有偏见的，不公平的
[06:02.04]The fact that the policeman was prejudiced against foreigners could not be recorded in the official files.
官方档案不可能记载警察歧视外国人的事。
[06:11.34]Don't ask him;he is prejudiced.
别问他，他有成见。
[06:16.74]prompt
及时的，即时的
[06:20.11]The Ombusman's prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant practice which might have gone unnoticed.
司法特派员及时采取行动，迅速制止了这一不愉快的事件，不然很可能就不了了之了。
[06:31.30]Prompt actionis necessary.
应该马上采取行动。
[06:36.19]The response was both prompt and starling.
答复迅速而又使人惊讶。