作文题目:

Woven baskets characterized by a particular distinctive pattern have previously been found only in the immediate vicinity of the prehistoric village of Palea and therefore were believed to have been made only by the Palean people. Recently, however, archaeologists discovered such a "Palean" basket in Lithos, an ancient village across the Brim River from Palea. The Brim River is very deep and broad, and so the ancient Paleans could have crossed it only by boat, and no Palean boats have been found. Thus it follows that the so-called Palean baskets were not uniquely Palean.

Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.

题目讲解:

【翻译】

一种具有独特花纹的编织篮子以前只在史前村庄Palea的临近地区发现过，因而被认为是Palea居民所独有的。然而最近，考古学家在一个与Palea隔着一条叫做Brim河的村庄Lithos发现了一个这样的Palea篮子。Brim河很深很宽，所以古代Palea人只能坐船穿过它，但没有证据表明Palea人拥有船只。而且能够运载大量人和货物的船只直到Palea人消失几千年后才出现。而且，Palea人应该没有必要穿过这条河流--Palea周围的林地有丰富的果实和小动物。这表明那种所谓的Palea篮子并不是那里所独有的。

【分析】

这种篮子不只P有。因为与他们住的地方隔一条河的地方也被发现有这个篮子，河很深只能划船过，但又没有证据证明P有船，而且能装很多人的船是在他们消失后几千年才出现的。另外P也没有必要过河，因为他们那边的山上长满了坚果草莓。 ·前提不一定成立。论者是由P没有到过这里，得出篮子不只P有。但是论者没有提供任何确切的资料证明这里没有P来过的痕变，或是P的确没有来过这里。虽然P无法过河，但论者也没有告诉我们是否只有过河，P才能到这里 ·论者的论据没有说服力。论者指出河很深，而P没有船，大船的出现也在P之后。但是首先论者没有提供关于史前时代这条河的状况，有可能这条大河在史前时代并不存在，或是很浅。第二虽然没有证据表明P有船，而那个时代也没有大船，但P有可能使用一些简便的类似船的工具过河，比如木板。这些都可以使P达到这里。至于论者说P那边满是食物所以没有必要到这里就更没有说服力了，首先史前时代P那边是否也满是食物论者没有说，其次P不一定必须是为食物才到其他地方去，他可能是为玩耍或是其他什么偶然的因素。 ·论者的结论很武断。论者认为P没有到过这里，所以这些篮子不是P的，篮子也就不只P有。但是就算P没有到过这里，论者也没有提供证据证明其他人不会把P的篮子带到这里来，比如说这里人，比如后人。结论：论断要加强说服力还应进一步了解史前时代P人生活的状况，并对这里的地理状况提供更详细的资料。

【提纲】

1. The author fails to consider the possibility that the Paleans may arrived in Lithos through other means. (I.T) ★★★★

2. The Palean basket could arrive other place through many possible methods such as trade, or boats possessed by other culture. (I.T) ★★★★

3. In Palean times, the Brim River may not be as deep and broad as it is currently. (C→P) ★★★

4. The fact that there are abundant resources currently does not indicate that those resources also existed in Palean times. (C→P) ★★★

5. Other reasons other than food shortages may well result in the migration of a culture. (I.E) ★★★