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Questions 9-10 are based on the following graph.
In January of 1990 a certain country enacted a strict new law to deter people from drunken driving. The law imposes
mandatory jail sentences for anyone convicted of drunken driving.
9.Which of the following, if true about the years 1990
through 1992, most helps to explain the data illus-
trated in the graph?
(A) Most of the people arrested for and convicted of
drunken driving were repeat offenders.
(B) Many of the people arrested for and convicted of
drunken driving participated in alcohol-education
programs in order to reduce their jail sentences.
(C) Juries in drunken driving cases became increas-
ingly reluctant to convict people on whom
mandatory jail sentences would be imposed.
(D) Since the law was enacted, the number of deaths
attributed to drunken driving has declined
significantly.
(E) The majority of the residents of the country
supported the strict law to deter people from
drunken driving.
10.Which of the following, if true, strengthens the claim
that the changes in the ratio of arrests to convictions
since the beginning of 1990 are due to an increase in
the number of people arrested for drunken driving
who were not drunk?
(A) Before 1990 only people driving erratically were
stopped by the police on suspicion of drunken
driving, but since the beginning of 1990 police
have been allowed to stop drivers randomly
and to arrest any driver whom they suspect of
having drunk any alcohol.
(B) Since the beginning of 1990 new technology has
enabled police who stop a driver to establish
immediately whether the driver is drunk,
whereas before 1990 police had to rely on
observations of a driver’s behavior to make a
judgment about that driver’s drunkenness.
(C) After 1990 the number of police officers assigned
to patrol for drunken drivers increased only
very slightly compared to the number of police
officers assigned to patrol for drunken drivers
in the years 1985 through 1989.
(D) In 1990 a greater number of drivers were igno-
rant of the laws concerning drunken driving
than were ignorant of the drunken driving laws
in 1989.
(E) After 1990 teenagers and young adults constituted
a greater proportion of those arrested for drunken
driving than in the years 1985 through 1989.
11 To improve productivity, manufacturing companies
have recently begun restructuring work to produce
more goods with fewer assembly-line workers, and
the companies have laid off many workers as a
consequence. The workers laid off have been those
with the least seniority(time on the job), generally
the younger workers.
The statements above, if true, most strongly support
which of the following as a conclusion?
(A) The products manufactured by the companies are
not undergoing design changes while the
manufacturing jobs are being restructured.
(B) When assembly-line workers have made sug-
gestions for improvements in manufacturing
processes, some suggestions have been
implemented, but many have not.
(C) Assembly-line workers now need increased
reading and mathematical skills to do their
jobs.
(D) Some of the innovations in assembly-line
processes and procedures that were made to
increase productivity have instead proved to be
counterproductive.
(E) The manufacturing companies are increasing the
average age of their assembly-line workforce
while still seeking to increase production.
12.During the nineteenth century, Britain’s urban popu-
lation increased as its rural population diminished. A
historian theorizes that, rather than industrialization’s
being the cause, this change resulted from a series
of migrations to urban areas, each occasioned by a
depression in the agrarian economy. To test this hypoth-
esis, the historian will compare economic data with
population census data.
The historian’s hypothesis would be most strongly
supported if which of the following were found to be
true?
(A) The periods of greatest growth in the industrial
economy were associated with a relatively
rapid decline in the rural population.
(B) The periods of greatest weakness in the agrarian
economy were associated with relatively slow
growth in the population as a whole.
(C) Periods when the agrarian economy was compar-
atively strong and the industrial economy com-
paratively weak were associated with a particu-
larly rapid decline in the rural population.
(D) Periods when the agrarian and industrial econo-
mies were both strong were associated with
particularly rapid growth in the urban popula-
tion.
(E) The periods of greatest strength in the agrarian
economy were associated with relatively slow
growth in the urban population.
