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The increasing number of UTI cases are due to several factors, one of which is a burgeoning population.
尿路感染病例数量的增加是由多种因素造成的，其中之一是人口的快速增长。
"As the population increases, we expect more UTIs and more of the disease burden associated with UTIs because there are more people," says Lazarus.
“随着人口的增加，我们预计会出现更多的泌尿道感染，以及与泌尿道感染相关的疾病负担也会增加，因为人口越来越多，”拉扎勒斯说。
On top of that, some of the conditions associated with UTIs, such as kidney stones and type 2 diabetes, are also on the rise.
最重要的是，一些与泌尿道感染相关的疾病，如肾结石和第2型糖尿病，也在增加。
And a high number of teens and adults are sexually active.
大量青少年和成年人性行为活跃。
"In otherwise healthy women, sexual activity is the number one contributor to developing a UTI," says Van Kuiken.
“对于其他健康的女性来说，性活动是导致泌尿道感染的首要因素，”范奎肯说。
The global population is also getting older. "Because UTIs are more common in seniors, their prevalence is increasing as the population ages," says Comiter.
全球人口也在老化。“由于尿路感染在老年人中更为常见，因此随着人口老化，其盛行率也在增加，”科米特说。
Cindy Liu, a microbiologist and the chief medical officer at the Antibiotic Resistance Action Center at George Washington University's Milken Institute School of Public Health, cites another compelling factor behind the rising numbers of more dangerous infections: an increase in antibiotic-resistant UTIs.
乔治华盛顿大学米尔肯研究所公共卫生学院抗生素抗药性行动中心的微生物学家兼首席医疗官辛迪·刘，列举了更危险的感染数量不断增加背后的另一个令人信服的因素：抗生素抗药性泌尿道感染的增加。
"Without changing how we use our antibiotics, we are on track to have fewer options for treating bladder, kidney, and urosepsis infections," she says.
“如果不改变我们使用抗生素的方式，我们治疗膀胱、肾脏和尿毒症感染的选择将会减少，”她说。
Meat consumption plays a part in all this in two distinct ways: by introducing infection-causing bacteria to the urethra, and because many of the antibiotics introduced in meat sources can end up increasing resistance to the medications that could kill the infection once it begins.
肉类消费以两种不同的方式在这一切中发挥作用：将引起感染的细菌引入尿道，并且因为肉类来源中引入的许多抗生素最终会增加对药物的抵抗力，而一旦感染开始，这些药物就可以杀死感染。
Healthy farm animals in the U.S. and elsewhere often receive antibiotics for disease protection, a practice known to drive antibiotic resistance.
美国和其他地方的健康农场动物经常接受抗生素来预防疾病，这种做法会导致抗生素抗药性。
Comiter cites "the overuse of these antibiotics in animal husbandry" as one significant reason more and more people are developing resistance to the antibiotics used to treat UTIs.
科米特引用“畜牧业中过度使用这些抗生素”作为越来越多的人对用于治疗泌尿道感染的抗生素产生抗药性的一个重要原因。
"Eating meat that has been heavily treated with antibiotics may be contributing to increasing rates of antibiotic resistance as the human microbiome is being influenced by meat consumption," echoes Van Kuiken.
范奎肯回应道：“吃经过大量抗生素处理的肉类可能会导致抗生素抗药性增加，因为人类微生物群正受到肉类消费的影响。”
"This does not mean that if you eat meat, you are going to get a UTI, but it could increase the likelihood that you may end up colonized with a multi-drug resistant organism."
“这并不意味着如果你吃肉，你就会患上尿路感染，但它可能会增加你最终感染多重抗药性微生物的可能性。”
Drug-resistant or not, E. coli from meat can colonize your gut and spread to your urinary tract.
无论是否具有抗药性，肉类中的大肠杆菌都会在你的肠道中定殖并扩散到尿道。
This can occur in women after the contaminated meat passes through the digestive system and is excreted in close proximity to the vaginal wall, where the bacteria has only a short distance to travel between the anus and the entrance of the urethra.
这种情况可能发生在女性身上，受污染的肉类会通过消化系统并在阴道壁附近排出，而细菌在肛门和尿道入口之间的传播距离很短。
While scientists have long known this can happen, they're learning that it likely happens more frequently than previously suspected.
虽然科学家早就知道这种情况可能会发生，但他们发现这种情况发生的频率可能比之前猜测的要高。
A 2023 study estimates that contaminated meat causes nearly half a million UTIs in the United States annually—a small fraction of the more than eight million UTI-related healthcare visits in the country each year, but enough to merit concern.
2023年的一项研究估计，在美国，受污染的肉类每年会导致近50万例尿路感染，虽然仅占该国每年超过800万例与尿路感染相关的医疗就诊的一小部分，但足以引起关注。
Especially so because "30 to 70 percent of our retail meat products have been shown to be contaminated with E. coli," says Liu, who co-authored the 2023 research.
尤其如此，因为“我们的零售肉类产品中有30%到70%已被证明受到大肠杆菌污染，”2023年研究的共同作者辛迪·刘说。
Such bacteria are usually killed in the cooking process before being ingested, she explains, so many of these infections are likely stemming from behaviors related to food preparation.
她解释说，这些细菌通常在摄入前的烹饪过程中被杀死，因此许多感染可能源于与食物准备相关的行为。
"Unless you are extremely careful, you contaminate your sink, kitchen surfaces, your hands, and your raw foods whenever you handle contaminated meat products," says Liu.
“除非你非常小心，否则每当你处理受污染的肉制品时，你就会污染你的水槽、厨房表面、你的手和生食，”刘说。
From those places, the bacteria can proliferate, potentially coming into contact with the food you end up consuming.
从这些地方，细菌可以增殖，并有可能接触到你最终食用的食物。
