评论
打印
The reluctant man too good at killing: Alvin York. When the United States entered the First World War, many jumped at the opportunity to join the fighting.
不情愿的杀人高手：艾文·约克。当美国加入第一次世界大战时，许多人抓住机会加入战斗。
Others, however, were sent to the trenches against their will.
然而，其他人却被强行送往战壕。
Of these reluctant warriors, some would rise to the occasion and become war heroes in spite of their hesitancy to fight.
在这些不情愿的战士中，有些人尽管不愿参战，但还是挺身而出，成为战争英雄。
Perhaps the most famous American who served in the Great War was one of these men.
也许在第一次世界大战中服役的最著名的美国人就是其中之一。
Alvin Cullum York was born on December 13th, 1887 in Paul Mall, Tennessee, the third of 11 children.
艾文·科伦·约克（Alvin Cullum York）于1887年12月13日出生于田纳西州保罗马尔，是家中11个孩子中的第三个。
His family was impoverished and York only had 9 months of total formal schooling before working as a laborer and blacksmith to support his family.
他的家庭贫困，约克只接受了9个月的正规教育，之后就当了工人和铁匠来养家糊口。
In order to put food on the table, he was also an avid hunter, a skill that would serve him well in the future.
为了养家糊口，他还是一个狂热的猎人，这项技能对他未来大有裨益。
York also had a wild streak, which included frequent run-ins with the law.
约克也有野性，经常违反法律。
By 1915, however, he turned aside from his hedonistic ways and became a member of the Church of Christ in Christian Union.
然而，到了1915年，他放弃了享乐主义，成为基督教联合教会的成员。
After his conversion, York became a devout follower of his new faith and became a respected member of the Church community.
皈依基督教后，约克成为新信仰的忠实追随者，并成为教会社区受人尊敬的成员。
In 1917, the United States joined the First World War, which had been raging for 3 years.
1917年，美国加入了已经持续了3年的第一次世界大战。
In order to fill the ranks quickly, the government instituted a draft and on June 5th, 1917, York received his conscription notification.
为了迅速补充队伍，政府制定了征兵令，1917年6月5日，约克收到了征兵通知。
Due to the Commandment thou shalt not kill, York claimed conscientious objector status.
由于《摩西十诫》规定“不可杀人”，约克声称自己是出于道义原因而拒服兵役者。
This request was denied three times and York was officially inducted into the US Army. York was sent to Camp Gordon, Georgia for training.
这一请求被拒绝了三次，之后约克正式加入美国陆军。约克被派往佐治亚州的葛登营接受训练。
That was attached to the 328th Infantry Regiment, 82nd Infantry Division, nicknamed The All-American since it had members from all the 48 states at that time.
该部队隶属于第328步兵团、第82步兵师，绰号“全美”，因为当时该部队的成员来自全美48个州。
Throughout his time in training, York proved himself a capable soldier and an excellent marksman, though he still couldn't reconcile his beliefs with the duties of a soldier.
在训练期间，约克证明了自己是一名有能力的士兵和优秀的射手，尽管他仍然无法将自己的信仰与士兵的职责相协调。
He brought his concerns to Major Edward Buckton, his battalion commander.
他向营长爱德华·巴克顿（Edward Buckton）少校表达了自己的担忧。
Rather than dismiss York, Buckton engaged in an hour's long debate, both men pointing to scripture supporting their views.
巴克顿并没有解雇约克，而是进行了长达一小时的辩论，两人都引用了圣经来支持他们的观点。
York focusing on passages about turning the other cheek and other passages advocate nonviolence, while Buckton quoted versus supporting combat, selling one's cloak to buy a sword and obedience to earthly authorities.
约克专注于关于以德报怨的段落，其他段落则提倡非暴力，而巴克顿则反对支持战斗、卖身买剑和服从世俗权威。
York left the meeting, still committed to his pacifism but gave serious consideration to Buckton's arguments.
约克离开了会议，仍然坚持和平主义，但认真考虑了巴克顿的论点。
While on leave, he prayed and fasted for guidance and became convinced that he should do his duty and fight regardless of his own personal misgivings.
休假期间，他祈祷并禁食以寻求指引，并坚信他应该履行职责，不顾个人的疑虑而战斗。
With a clear conscience ,York and the 82nd Division were sent to France.
约克和第82师心安理得地被派往法国。
Most notably, York participated in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive, which began on September 26th, 1918.
最值得注意的是，约克参加了1918年9月26日开始的缪斯阿尔贡战役。
The largest single campaign ever conducted by the US military with over 1 million men participating over the course of the 47 day fight.
这是美国军队有史以来规模最大的一次战役，在为期47天的战斗中，有超过100万人参与其中。
After years of fighting, the Germans were highly experienced and built an elaborate network of defenses to hold a ground they had taken.
经过多年的战斗，德国人经验丰富，建立了一个复杂的防御网络来守住他们占领的土地。
The inexperienced Americans threw themselves into the meat grinder and their attack stalled out.
缺乏经验的美国人陷入了困境，他们的进攻陷入停滞。
On October 8th, members of the second Battalion, 328th Regiment, 82nd Infantry Division, including newly promoted corporal Alvin York, were sent to reinforce positions at Hill 223, pushing against heavily entrenched Germans.
10月8日，第82步兵师第328团第二营的成员，包括新晋升的下士艾文·约克，被派往增援223高地的阵地，向扎营的德军发起进攻。
They managed to force the Germans off of the hill. But to continue the advance, they would have to enter a steep valley with no discernable cover.
他们设法将德军赶下山。但要继续前进，他们必须进入一个没有任何掩护的陡峭山谷。
To complicate matters further, the Americans on the left and right flanks were stalled out by stubborn resistance, leaving the Battalion to advance alone.
更加复杂的是，左右两翼的美军遭到顽强抵抗，只能独自前进。
If that wasn't enough, the Battalion was advancing to the Northwest. Though earlier that morning, orders were changed and they were supposed to attack due West.
如果这还不够，该营正在向西北推进。虽然当天早上命令被更改，他们应该向正西方向进攻。
The runner carrying the order was killed before delivering the message, leaving the unit unsupported.
携带命令的信使在传递信息之前就被杀了，导致该部队得不到支援。
York's platoon began their attack against the German lines, led by Lieutenant Kirby Stewart.
约克的排开始向德军防线发起进攻，由中尉柯比·斯图尔特(Kirby Stewart)率领。
As they reached the center of the valley, Stewart was hit by a burst of machine gun fire and killed, turning command over to Sergeant Harry Parsons.
当他们到达山谷中心时，斯图尔特被机枪扫射身亡，指挥权移交给中士哈里·帕森斯(Harry Parsons)。
Parsons noted that on the left of their Advance were German machine gun positions and ordered 17 men including Corporal Alvin York to silence them.
帕森斯注意到，他们前进的左侧是德军机枪阵地，并命令包括下士艾文·约克在内的17名士兵压制德军机枪。
