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This is Johannesburg, the biggest city in South Africa, now.
这里是约翰内斯堡，现在南非最大的城市。
And this was Johannesburg in the 1950s.
而这是20世纪50年代的约翰内斯堡。
These signs were common all around the city because of a system called "apartheid".
由于“种族隔离”制度，在当时，这些标志整个城市都很常见。
To understand how apartheid ended, we have to go back to when it started.
要了解种族隔离是如何结束的，我们必须回到它开始的时候。
There were nearly 50 years between the start and the end of the system, and a lot had to change in that time.
这个制度从开始到结束持续了近50年的时间，在这段时间里，很多东西都必须改变。
It was made law by the White government in 1948.
种族隔离制度是1948年由白人政府制定的法律。
It kept black and white people separate from each other and discriminated against black people, which meant they were treated unfairly because of the colour of their skin.
它将黑人和白人隔离开来，并歧视黑人，这意味着他们会因为肤色而受到不公平对待。
Black children didn't get to go to the same schools as white children, and black people weren't allowed to use things in public that white people could, like toilets or even benches.
黑人儿童不能和白人儿童上同样的学校，黑人也不允许在公共场合使用白人可以使用的东西，比如厕所，甚至是长凳。
They were told where to live, what jobs to have, and the system worked hard to keep black people poorer than white people.
他们会被告知要住在哪里，做什么工作，而这个制度会让黑人一直比白人更穷。
If you stepped out of line from any of the rules, you would be punished with violence and could be put into prison for life.
如果你违反了任何规定，你将受到暴力的惩罚，并可能被判终身监禁。
Even though most people in South Africa were black, white people made all the rules, and black people weren't allowed to vote.
尽管南非的大多数人都是黑人，但白人制定了所有的规则，并且黑人不允许投票。
This meant the government got to keep the racist rules in place for a long time.
这意味着南非政府在很长一段时间内保持了这一种族主义规则。
Lots of people protested against the apartheid government, including a political group called "The African National Congress", or the ANC.
许多人抗议种族隔离政府，其中就包括一个名为“非洲人国民大会”（ANC）的政治团体。
In 1960, the government banned the ANC completely.
1960年，南非政府彻底取缔了ANC。
Around the world, there were protests against South Africa.
而世界各地都出现了反对南非的抗议活动。
In 1964, the country wasn't allowed to take part in the Olympics, and this continued until the 1990s.
1964年，南非被禁止参加奥运会，这种情况一直持续到20世纪90年代。
Even though it was banned, the ANC continued to protest against the government.
尽管遭到了封杀，但非洲人国民大会仍继续抗议政府。
In 1964, a black man called Nelson Mandela was put into prison for life.
1964年，一位名叫纳尔逊·曼德拉的黑人被判终身监禁。
He had been in charge of the ANC, and lots of people wanted him to lead the country.
他曾执掌非洲人国民大会，很多人希望他可以领导南非。
The government banned pictures of Nelson Mandela, and even made speaking his quotes in public illegal.
南非政府禁止拍摄纳尔逊·曼德拉的照片，甚至禁止在公开场合引用他的语录。
Over the next 20 years, there was lots of pressure on the South African government from inside and outside the country to release Nelson Mandela.
在接下来的20年里，南非政府受到了来自国内外的巨大压力，要求释放纳尔逊·曼德拉。
A new president F. W. de Klerk took over in 1989, and the government was slowly starting to remove some of the racist rules of the apartheid system.
1989年，新总统F·W·德克勒克上台，政府开始慢慢取消种族隔离制度中的一些种族主义规定。
In 1990, Nelson Mandela was freed from prison, there were celebrations around the world and it was broadcast all over the news including here at Newsround.
1990年，纳尔逊·曼德拉从监狱获释，全世界都举行了庆祝活动，包括Newsround在内的新闻频道都报道了这一消息。
However, over in South Africa, there was still lots of work to do.
然而，在南非，仍有许多工作要做。
Three years later, black and white people in South Africa got to vote in an election to decide who would be in charge of the country.
三年后，南非的黑人和白人在选举中投票决定谁将领导这个国家。
The ANC won, and Nelson Mandela was made president.
结果非洲人国民大会胜出，纳尔逊·曼德拉当选总统。
Thirty years on, there are lots of questions about whether there has been enough progress since the end of apartheid.
30年过去了，关于种族隔离制度结束以来是否取得了足够的进展，人们提出了很多疑问。
Black people are still more likely to be poor and without a job, and less likely to do things like go to university.
黑人仍更有可能贫穷、没有工作、更不可能去做像上大学这样的事情。
Many people in South Africa say that the ANC have failed to improve things enough, support for the party has gone down, and they've been accused of keeping money for themselves.
许多南非人表示，非洲人国民大会未能做出足够的改善，该政党的支持率在下降，他们也被指责为自己私吞资金。
The ANC has accepted that they have had problems, and their former leader Thabo Mbeki says they will fix the ANC.
非洲人国民大会承认他们存在问题，他们的前领导人塔博·姆贝基表示，将整顿非洲人国民大会。
There has been massive change in the country since Nelson Mandela took over in 1994, however, lots of people still remember what life was like under the apartheid system.
自从纳尔逊·曼德拉于1994年掌权以来，南非发生了巨大的变化，但许多人仍然不能忘记种族隔离制度下的生活。
