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Okay. So, Vanessa, in your research, you explore people’s perception of their influence and how that compares with reality.
好，瓦内萨，你在研究中探索了人们对自己影响力的看法，并将其与现实进行了比较。
Your book is called You Have More Influence Than You Think.
这本书的名字是《你比你想象的更有影响力》。
What did you hear in Raven’s answer there that speaks to the common perceptions or misperceptions that women tend to have about their power to be persuasive?
关于女性对自己的说服力有哪些普遍的认知或误解，你从拉文的回答中听到了什么？
So, I definitely hear some elements of the difference between the way we use stereotypes to understand people we don’t know well.
我确实听到了一些不同之处，我们用刻板印象来理解我们不太了解的人。
If I go into an interaction with someone and I don’t know how to behave with this person, I don’t know what I think of this person, stereotypes guide us in a sort of way of thinking about this person and how this interaction is going to go,
如果我和某人进行互动，我不知道该如何与这个人相处，我不知道我怎么看这个人，刻板印象引导我们以某种方式思考这个人，而且会影响互动将如何进行下去，
and unfortunately, still in many places in the world, seeing a woman brings to mind the stereotype that they don’t have as much expertise as me, particularly if it’s in a field that it tends to be a male dominated field.
不幸的是，在世界上的许多地方，人们看待女性大脑里会代入刻板印象，即她们没有我那么专业，尤其是在一个男性为主导的领域。
On the other hand, describing these people who really do know you, who know that you have this expertise or you have these established relationships, now they don’t need to rely on a stereotype, right?
另一方面，这些真正了解你的人，知道你很专业的人，知道你有资深人脉的人，这些人现在不需要依赖刻板印象，对吧?
They actually know you they’ve gotten to know you.
他们真的已经了解你了。
So, this is very sort of classic way of coding people that we don’t know.
这是对我们不认识的人进行编码的一种经典方式。
One of the things that women tend to get sort of dinged on, in terms of the stereotypes, is this idea that we aren’t authorities on something. Again, particularly if it’s in a sort of male dominated field.
就刻板印象而言，女性往往会被指责的一件事是，女性不是某件事的权威的这种观点，尤其是在男性主导的领域。
Like construction, right?
就像建筑行业，对吗?
Exactly. Right. So, one thing that we know from the influence literature is that we listen to people who we think are authorities.
对，没错。我们从这本关于影响力的书籍中知道的一件事是，我们会听那些我们认为是权威的人的话。
If someone we think knows what they’re talking about, tells us that we should do something, not surprisingly, we assume that we should do it more so than if we think, oh, this person doesn’t know what they’re talking about.
如果我们认为这个权威的人知道他在说什么，告诉我们应该做些什么，毫不奇怪，我们认为我们应该这样做，而不是我们认为，哦，这个人不知道他在说什么。
But women often face this sort of double whammy.
但女性经常面临这种双重打击。
So, there’s this coding of like, Okay, this person is not as much of an authority as maybe their male counterpart.
有这样的编码--女性可能没有他们的男性同行那么权威。
But women also often struggle to profess their own authority.
不过，女性也常常难以表明自己的权威。
I was part of something called the op-ed project, where we learn how to write op-eds to get more female and underrepresented minorities into public discourse, and one of the activities they had us do was to establish our authority.
我参与了一个专栏项目。在这个项目中，我们学习如何写专栏文章，让更多的女性和未被充分代表的少数民族进入公共话语中，他们让我们做的其中一项活动就是建立我们的权威。
Why am I the one to write this op-ed?
为什么是我来写这篇专栏?
So, we would go around the room and we would say, “Here’s who I am. I went to this school, I have this background…” and women with these extraordinary backgrounds would play them down.
我们会在房间里走来走去，我们会说：“这就是我，我上过这所学校，我有这样的背景……”，但拥有这些优秀背景的女性会贬低自我。
