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The possible unintended consequences of anti-vaping policies
反电子烟政策可能造成的意外后果
E-cigarettes, also known as vapes and by brand names such as Juul, are battery-operated devices that allow users to inhale nicotine without lighting a cigarette.
E-cigarettes（电子烟）又名vapes，常见的电子烟品牌包括Juul等，是一种靠电池驱动的吸烟装置，所以用户无需点烟就能吸食尼古丁。
They were introduced to America in 2006. According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), more than 2m high-school pupils (about 14%) reported using e-cigarettes in 2022.
电子烟于2006年被引进美国。美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）的调查数据显示，2022年，有超过200万名高中生（约占美国高中生总数的14%）表示正在使用电子烟。
The FDA and others are trying to work out how to regulate them. The result may be a textbook example of unintended consequences.
美国食品和药物管理局以及其他相关机构正在努力研究如何对电子烟实施管控，由此可能造成一系列典型的意外后果。
Though e-cigarettes are much less harmful than traditional cigarettes, their effect on health can still be serious. Vaping has been associated with a higher risk of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
虽然电子烟的危害远低于传统香烟，但还是会对健康造成严重影响。吸食电子烟更容易导致哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺病。
E-cigarette exposure may be particularly harmful for young adults--there are fears that it can harm brain development and trigger a lifelong addiction to nicotine.
接触电子烟对年轻人的危害尤为严重----有人担心它会损害大脑发育，最终导致尼古丁终身成瘾。
Thirty states tax e-cigarettes and all states ban sales to minors. One way to cut e-cigarette consumption is by imposing a tax.
目前有30个州对电子烟征税，所有州都明令禁止向未成年人兜售电子烟。其中一个降低电子烟销量的方法就是征税。
A study by the Centre for Health Economics & Policy Studies at San Diego State University found that a $1 increase in e-cigarette taxes is associated with a 14-26% decrease in vaping among high-school pupils.
圣地亚哥州立大学健康经济与政策研究中心的一项研究发现，电子烟税每提高1美元，高中生的吸烟率就会下降14%-26%。
Unexpectedly, the tax increase seems also to temper teenage alcohol consumption. One in ten teenagers reported binge drinking (four or more drinks for women, and five or more drinks for men, within a few hours at least once in the previous month).
出乎意料的是，电子烟增税似乎也能抑制青少年的酒精消费。十分之一的青少年在调查中承认酗酒（即过去一个月至少有一次在几个小时内，女性连续喝四杯或四杯以上，男性连续喝五杯或五杯以上）。
According to the study, a $1 increase in e-cigarette taxes is associated with a 10-11% reduction in teenage binge drinking. Drinking and driving is especially deadly for young people.
根据这项研究，电子烟税每增加1美元，青少年的酗酒率就会减少10%-11%。酒后驾车对年轻人来说尤为致命。
Young adults (aged 16-20) who drink and drive are 17 times more likely to die in a car accident. The study found that increasing e-cigarette taxes reduces this, too.
酒后驾车的年轻人（16-20岁）死于车祸的可能性是其他普通人的17倍。研究发现，提高电子烟税也能减少这种情况。
A $1 rise in e-cigarette taxes brings a 10-14% decline in the number of alcohol-related traffic deaths per 100,000 among 16-to-20-year-olds.
电子烟税每提高1美元，16至20岁人群中每10万人与酒精有关的交通死亡人数就会下降10%-14%。
