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Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I’m Sam. And I’m Neil.
大家好。这里是 BBC 学习英语栏目的六分钟英语。我是萨姆。我是尼尔。
There was a huge crowd of people waiting at the train station this morning, Neil.
尼尔，今天早上有一大群人在火车站等着。
When the train finally arrived, everyone rushed in and I couldn’t find a seat!
当火车终于到达时，每个人都冲了进来，我找不到座位！
I hate crowds!
我讨厌人群！
But you love going to the football match on Saturday.
但是你喜欢周六去看足球比赛。
Ah, that’s different – more like a big group of friends.
啊，那不一样。那是一大群朋友聚在一起。
Well, whether it’s sporting events, train stations or political protests,
无论是在体育赛事、火车站还是政治抗议活动中，
crowds, that's large groups of people who gather together for a shared activity, are a feature of life.
人群很常见，指的是一大群人聚集在一起做一件事。
For some, crowds create feelings of excitement and a sense of community,
有些人觉得人群让人兴奋、有归属感，
while for others they feel uncomfortable, confusing, or even dangerous.
而另一些人在人群中感到不舒服、头晕，甚至害怕。
So why is that?
为什么会这样呢？
In this programme, we’ll be discussing the role of crowds in modern life,
在本期节目中，我们将讨论人群在现代生活中的作用，
asking why they evoke different reactions in people.
探究为什么不同人对人群的反应不同。
And, as usual, we’ll be learning some new vocabulary as well.
像往常一样，我们也将学习一些新的词汇。
But first, I have a question for you, Neil.
但首先，我有个问题要问你，尼尔。
The biggest crowd in history happened in 2019
历史上最大规模的人群聚集发生在2019年，
when over 200 million people gathered in the northern Indian city of Allahabad.
当时2亿多人聚集在印度北部城市阿拉哈巴德。
But what did so many people come together for?
但这么多人聚集在一起是为了什么呢？
Was it a) a cricket match b) a religious festival or c) an election?
是因为a) 板球比赛 b) 宗教节日还是 c) 一场选举？
Well, I know Indians love cricket, but I doubt 200 million people would fit into a stadium!
我知道印度人喜欢板球，但我不相信一个体育场能容纳2亿人！
I’ll guess it’s c) an election.
我猜是 c) 一场选举。
OK, Neil. We’ll find out the answer later in the programme.
好的，尼尔。稍后我将在节目中揭晓答案。
People gathering for a cricket match, or a music concert are usually happy events.
人们聚在一起看板球比赛或听演唱会，通常都是令人高兴的事情。
But crowds can have a darker side as well.
但人群聚集也有不好的地方。
They can become out of control and sometimes even violent.
人群可能会失控，有时甚至会滋生暴力。
Here’s, psychologist, Professor John Drury, discussing this idea,
下面请听心理学家约翰·德鲁里教授如何
with Anand Jagatia, presenter of the BBC World Service programme,
与BBC世界服务栏目主持人阿南德·贾加蒂亚讨论这一问题。
appropriately named, CrowdScience.
该节目恰巧叫作大众科学。
When people get together in a crowd, they regress psychologically,
人们聚集在一起时，心智会退化，
their thinking is more primitive, they become more gullible,
思维更原始，更容易上当受骗。
and that's also associated with the supposed tendency towards violence as well.
这也与所谓的暴力倾向有关。
But according to John, the idea of mob mentality,
但约翰说，暴徒心理，
that people in crowds are irrational and prone to destructive behaviour, just isn't backed up by research.
即人群中的人是非理性的，容易做出破坏性行为，还没有被研究证实。
One view is that when people get together in a crowd, they become irrational.
有些人认为，人们聚集在一起时，就变得不理性了。
Psychologically speaking they regress – they return to a less advanced, more primitive way of behaving.
他们的心智会退化，即他们的行为方式不那么现代化了、更像原始人了。
They may also become more gullible,
他们也可能更容易上当受骗。
an adjective meaning easily tricked or willing to believe everything someone says.
“gullible”是一个形容词，形容某人很容易上当受骗，或者愿意相信别人所说的一切。
Connected to this is the phrase mob mentality,
与此相关的是短语“mob mentality”暴徒心理，
the tendency of people in a group to behave in the same way as others in the group rather than as individuals.
指人群中的人倾向于模仿其他人的行为方式，而不是保持自己的行为方式。
In crowds, people may do things they would never do alone, like steal or use violence.
在人群中，人们可能会做出一些他们独自行动时永远不会做的事情，比如偷窃或使用暴力。
But according to Professor Drury, in reality it’s not mob mentality and violence,
但根据德鲁里教授的说法，实际上，人群的特征并不是暴徒心理和暴力，
but rather feelings of safety and togetherness that actually characterise crowds.
而是团结和安全感。
And according to Dr Anne Templeton, another expert on crowd psychology from the University of Edinburgh,
另一位来自爱丁堡大学的群众心理学专家安妮·邓普顿博士表示，
that’s especially true when you identify with the other people in a crowd.
当你与人群中的其他人产生共鸣时，这一点尤其正确。
Here is Dr Templeton explaining more to BBC World Service programme, CrowdScience.
以下是邓普顿博士在BBC世界服务栏目的《大众科学》上所作的详细解释。
The more people feel like they are part of a group with others in the crowd, the more enjoyable experience they have.
人们越觉得自己是群体的一部分，就越觉得愉快。
There's a correlation between having that social identification and feeling safer.
这种社会认同感和安全感之间存在关联。
So often if we feel like we are in a group with others, we expect them to look after us.
因此，如果我们觉得自己是群体中的一员，我们往往会期待他们照顾自己。
The flip side of that is when you don't feel as much part of the group, and you're not having a positive experience.
另一方面，当你觉得自己不是群体中的一员，你就不会有良好的体验。
Dr Templeton thinks there is a correlation – that’s a connection, or a link –
邓普顿博士认为，二者是有关联的，
between being among people who share your values, and feeling safe.
即处于与自己价值观相同的人中间，与感到安全之间存在关联。
Football fans cheer their team on by wearing the same colours, and singing the same songs,
球迷们穿着相同颜色的衣服，唱着相同的歌曲，为自己的球队加油，
and this works as a kind of glue, bonding the crowd together and making them feel safe.
这种行为就像一种粘合剂，将人群凝聚在一起，让他们感到安全。
The disadvantage of this, however, is when you don’t feel part of the crowd you’re with.
然而，当你感觉不到自己是人群中的一部分时，就不太好了。
Dr Templeton calls this the flip side - the opposite, less good or less pleasant aspects of something.
邓普顿博士称之为反面，即事物的相反、不太好或不太令人愉快的方面。
In today’s world, crowds are important because of the feeling of power they give us.
在当今世界，人群之所以重要，是因为他们能让人感觉到权力的存在。
It’s one thing sitting alone shouting at the news on television,
独自坐在电视前对着新闻大喊大叫是一回事，
but it’s something else altogether to march on a political protest with hundreds of demonstrators,
但与数百名示威者一起游行、参加政治抗议活动则完全是另一回事。
feeling that together you could change the world.
在人群中，人们感觉大家可以一起改变世界。
Maybe that’s what everyone was doing in 2019, Sam?
也许这就是2019年每个人都在做的事，萨姆？
Right, in my quiz question I asked you why 200 million people gathered in the Indian city of Allahabad in 2019.
是的，我问你为什么2019年有2亿人聚集在印度城市阿拉哈巴德。
I guessed it was to vote in an election. Was I right?
我猜是要在选举中投票。我说的对吗？
You were wrong, I’m afraid, Neil!
回答错误，尼尔！
In fact, the biggest crowd in history had gathered for a Hindu religious festival,
其实，这历史上规模最大的人群聚集在一起是庆祝印度教的宗教节日
the Kumbh Mela, which 220 million people attended over fifty days.
印度大壶节。当时在50天的时间里有2.2亿人参加了这个节庆。
OK, let’s recap the vocabulary we’ve learned from this programme on crowds,
好了，让我们回顾一下本期关于人群的词汇。
large numbers of people who gather together for a shared reason.
“crowds”指大量群众为了一个相同的原因聚集在一起。
To regress means return to less advanced, more primitive behaviours.
“regress”意味着行为举止倒退成不那么现代化、更像原始人的样子。
Regress is the opposite of ‘progress’.
“regress”倒退的反义词是“progress”进步。
Someone who is gullible is easily tricked, and will believe anything people say.
“gullible”形容某人很容易上当，完全相信别人的话。
The phrase, mob mentality describes the tendency of people in a group to behave in ways
短语“mob mentality”描述的是群体中的个体的行为方式。
that conform with others in the group rather than as individuals.
他们倾向于按照群体中其他人的方式行事，而不是按自己的方式行事。
A correlation is a connection or a link between two things.
“correlation”是指两个事物之间的联系。
And finally, the flip side of something means those aspects of it which are less obvious, good, or pleasant.
最后，“flip side”指某物的那些不那么明显、不那么好或不那么令人愉快的方面。
The flip side of this programme is that, once again, our six minutes are up!
遗憾的是，我们的六分钟又到了！
Bye for now! Bye bye!
再见了！拜拜！
