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Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I’m Sam. And I’m Rob.
大家好。这里是 BBC 学习英语栏目的六分钟英语。我是萨姆。我是罗布。
When Sarah Ott was growing up in Florida in the 1990s, she loved playing in nature.
20世纪90年代，萨拉·奥特在佛罗里达州长大，她喜欢在大自然中玩耍。
She picked up litter in the street and took it home to recycle.
她在街上捡起垃圾，带回家回收利用。
But later, in college, Sarah became surrounded by people in her community who didn’t share her love of the environment,
但后来，在大学里，萨拉发现身边都是不那么热爱环境的人。
people who didn’t believe that climate change was real.
他们不相信气候变化是真的。
And slowly, Sarah started to doubt it as well.
渐渐地，萨拉也开始怀疑这一点了。
Climate deniers - people who don’t believe that climate change is happening, or that it isn’t caused by humans,
否认气候变化的人不相信气候变化正在发生，或者认为那不是人类导致的。
make up around nine percent of the American population, according to some estimates.
据估计，美国有9%的人都是这样想的。
Now, Sarah works as a climate campaigner at the US National Centre for Science Education,
现在，萨拉在美国国家科学教育中心担任气候活动家，
teaching children the science behind climate change,
教孩子们有关气候变化的科学知识，
but her journey there was a difficult one, and she lost many friends on the way.
但她在那里的工作很艰难，在这条路上她失去了很多朋友。
In this programme, we’ll be discussing climate deniers,
在本期节目中，我们将讨论否认气候变化的人，
and finding out how to talk with people who doubt the science of global warming.
并了解如何与质疑全球变暖的人交谈。
And as usual, we’ll be learning some new vocabulary as well.
像往常一样，我们也将学习一些新的词汇。
But before that, I have a question for you, Rob.
但在此之前，我有个问题要问你，罗布。
Whatever climate deniers think,
无论否认气候变化的人怎么想，
there is strong agreement on the issue among scientists on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the IPCC.
政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)的科学家们在这个问题上达成了强烈共识。
So, what percentage of the world’s scientific community agree that climate change is real?
那么，全球科学家中有多少人认为气候变化是真实存在的呢？
Is it a) 79 percent? b) 89 percent? or c) 99 percent?
是 a) 79%？b) 89%？还是 c) 99%？
I’ll have a guess and I’ll say it’s 99 percent.
我猜是99%。
OK. I will reveal the answer later in the programme, Rob.
好的。稍后我将在节目中揭晓答案，罗布。
Marco Silva is a climate disinformation reporter for the BBC.
马尔科·席尔瓦是BBC的一名记者，负责揭露假的气候信息。
He told BBC World Service programme, The Climate Question,
在BBC世界服务栏目的《气候问题》节目上，他讲述了
what he’s learned about reporting on the issue from around the world.
他从世界各地了解到的关于气候问题的报道情况。
It’s quite important to make here a very clear distinction
关于这个问题，我们很有必要区分一下两个概念。
between being wrong, ill-informed about climate change and being a full-blown climate denier.
不了解气候变化因而产生错误观念与彻底否认气候变化是不同的。
A lot of people may not be very well versed with the science, the facts of climate change.
很多人可能不是很了解有关气候变化的科学和事实。
To be honest, they can at times be quite complex, quite dense.
老实说，这些知识有时可能相当复杂难懂。
Some people may have genuine questions about the subject.
有些人可能真的搞不懂气候变化。
So, with information, with facts, those people can be convinced.
因此，有了信息和事实，就可以说服这些人。
Climate deniers, though, people who reject the basic facts of climate change,
然而，否认气候变化的人，即那些拒绝接受气候变化这一基本事实的人，
are likely to be more difficult to persuade.
可能更难被说服。
Marco distinguishes a full-blown climate denier - someone who is completely committed to the idea,
马尔科区分了完全否认气候变化的人，即一个坚信如此的人，
from someone who is simply ill-informed,
和只是不了解气候变化的人，
meaning someone who knows less than they should about a particular topic.
即对某事的了解要少一些的人。
Marco thinks it’s possible persuade an ill-informed person that climate change is a fact,
马尔科认为，说服不了解气候变化的人相信气候变化是一个事实，这是有可能的，
for example by sharing personal stories of how of the weather has changed in recent years,
例如，可以与之分享自己对近年来气候如何变化的感知，
or by asking them why they doubt the scientific evidence.
或者询问他们为什么怀疑科学事实。
Full-blown climate deniers, on the other hand, are much harder to persuade.
而那些完全否认气候变化的人更难被说服。
Here’s Marco Silva again, sharing some advice on how best to talk to people about the climate
马尔科·席尔瓦还曾分享过应该如何与人谈论气候变化问题。
with BBC World Service programme, The Climate Question.
下面请听BBC世界服务栏目《气候问题》中的一段。
A number of researchers and academics have looked into exactly this topic before.
许多研究人员和学者以前就研究过这个问题。
Professor Sander van der Linden, professor of social psychology at the University of Cambridge, is one of them.
剑桥大学社会心理学教授桑德·范德林登就是其中之一。
He's been looking into this long and hard,
他已经认真研究了很长时间，
and when I spoke to him, he gave me a couple of tips.
我和他交谈时，他给了我几条建议。
For instance, don't challenge a climate denier directly.
例如，不要直接质疑一个否认气候变化的人。
Don't confront them, telling them that they're this or that,
不要跟他们对峙，不要高高在上地告诉他们气候变化是怎样怎样，
throwing insults at them, that their beliefs are wrong.
也不要侮辱他们，说他们的信仰是错误的。
That sort of attitude or strategy is only likely to backfire.
这种态度、策略只会适得其反。
If you do that, the chances are people are just going to hold on to their views even more firmly.
如果你这样做，他们很可能会更加坚信自己的观点。
Marco mentions Professor van der Linden,
马尔科提到了范德林登教授，
a psychologist who has taken a long, hard look at the issue of climate denial.
他是一位心理学家，对人们否认气候变化的现象认真研究了好久。
If you take a long, hard look at something,
你“take a long, hard look at something”，
you examine it very carefully in order to improve it for the future.
意为，你非常仔细地研究了某物，以便以后改进它。
Professor van der Linden advises us not to challenge climate deniers directly,
范德林登教授建议我们不要直接质疑那些否认气候变化的人，
and never to throw insults – to say offensive, hurtful things directly to someone.
也不要侮辱他们，即不要直接对某人说一些无礼的、冒犯的话。
This approach is unlikely to work and will probably backfire,
这种方法不太可能奏效，还可能会适得其反，
or have the opposite effect from that intended, such as making that person’s opinion even stronger.
即产生与预期相反的效果，比如使那人更坚信自己的观点。
Instead, what’s needed is understanding and empathy,
相反，我们需要的是理解和同理心。
realising that climate deniers cannot control the life events that led them to mistrust science;
我们要知道，否认气候变化的人不信任科学，是生活经历使然。他们也无法选择。
and the patience to try to show them difference between fact and fiction.
我们还要有耐心，尽力帮他们分辨事实和假象。
OK, it’s time to reveal the answer to your question now, Sam.
好了，萨姆，现在是时候揭晓你问题的答案了
What percentage of the global scientific community agree that human-caused climate change is real?
全球科学家中有多少人认为人类造成的气候变化真实存在？
And I guessed it was 99 percent.
我猜是99%。
And that was the correct answer, Rob!
回答正确，罗布！
The scientific evidence for a climate emergency is overwhelming,
目前已有科学证据表明，我们正面临气候紧急情况，
leaving just the question of what we do about it.
剩下的就是如何应对的问题。
OK, let’s recap the vocabulary we’ve learned from this programme on climate deniers,
好了，让我们回顾一下本期关于气候变化否认者的词汇。
people who do not accept that climate change is real.
“climate denier”指的是那些不接受气候变化是真实存在的人。
Someone who is ill-informed knows less than they should about a particular topic.
“ill-informed”形容某人对某事了解太少。
The adjective full-blown means completely committed or developed.
形容词“full-blown”意为全心全意的或完全成型的。
The idiom to take a long, hard look at something
俚语“take a long, hard look at something”
means to examine something very carefully in order to improve it for the future.
意为非常仔细地研究某物，以便将来改进。
If you throw insults, you say offensive, hurtful things directly to someone.
“throw insult”，意为直接对别人说冒犯、伤人的话。
And finally, if your actions backfire, they have opposite effect from the one you intended.
最后，“backfire”，意为你的行动产生了与预期相反的效果。
Once again, our six minutes are up!
我们的六分钟又到了！
Bye for now! Bye bye!
再见了！拜拜！
