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Hey, Psych2Goers.
嘿，Psych2Go的观众们。
What does it mean to be gifted?
资优是什么意思？
Like many, you may think it's having an exceptionally high IQ or being a child prodigy.
像许多人一样，你可能认为这是指拥有特别高的智商或神童。
And while it's true that people who fall under these categories can be considered gifted, it's also time you realize that there are actually many different types of giftedness that tend to get overlooked and undervalued.
虽然属于这些类别的人确实可以被视为有天赋，但现在你应该认识到，实际上有许多不同类型的资优，但是它们往往被忽视和低估。
First studied by researchers George Betts and Maureen Neihart in their 1988 article, Profiles of the Gifted and Talented, they identified six different types of gifted individuals according to their behaviors, feelings, and needs.
研究人员George Betts和Maureen Neihart在1988年的文章《资优人士简介》中首次进行研究，他们根据资优人士的行为、感受和需要，确定了六种不同类型的资优人士。
Curious to know which type you are?
想知道你是哪种类型吗？
Well, here are six types of gifted people.
这里有六种类型的资优人士。
Number one, the successful type.
第一，成功型。
Type ones are the most commonly recognized type of gifted individuals.
这一类是最常被承认的资优人士类型。
They're those we've typically come to associate with the term because of their impressive academic performances and prestigious achievements.
他们是那些我们通常将其与这个术语联系起来的人，因为他们有令人印象深刻的学术表现和著名的成就。
Most type ones become even more driven to excel because of the high expectations placed upon them at a young age by their parents, teachers, and peers.
由于父母、老师和同龄人在年轻时对他们抱有很高的期望，大多数类型的人变得更有动力去追求卓越。
However, at the same time, some type ones can become bored with school and lose their passion for learning because they feel like their giftedness has become their entire identity.
然而，与此同时，一些类型的人可能会对学校感到厌烦，失去对学习的热情，因为他们觉得他们的天赋已成为他们的全部身份。
This happens because many parents and teachers make the mistake of focusing too much on developing their intelligence, talents, and skills that it stunts their personal, social, and emotional growth, making them competent, but unimaginative, and ill-adjusted adults.
发生这种情况是因为许多家长和教师犯了一个错误，就是过于注重发展他们的智力、才智和技能，以至于阻碍了他们在个人、社会和情感方面的成长，使最终他们成为有能力、但缺乏想象力和不适应的成年人。
Number two, the challenging type.
第二种，具有挑战性的类型。
Next we have the second type of giftedness, known as the challenging type.
第二种类型的资优，被称为挑战型。
Type twos are labeled as such because they are often unafraid of challenging others and questioning authority.
他们被贴上这样的标签，因为他们往往不怕挑战他人和质疑权威。
Highly creative, tenacious, and unconventional, type twos tend to think outside the box so much that it sometimes makes them difficult to get along with because of how disruptive and nonconforming they can be.
高度的创造性、顽强和不拘一格，二型人倾向于跳出框框，以至于有时使他们难以相处，因为他们可能是多么具有破坏性和不守规矩。
Often receiving little to no recognition for their giftedness, many type twos feel frustrated with the school setting because it stifles their creativity, overlooks their abilities, and keeps them from realizing their full potential.
他们的天赋往往得不到承认，许多这类人对学校环境感到沮丧，因为学校扼杀了他们的创造力，忽视了他们的能力，使他们无法充分实现其潜力。
If they don't have a support system in place or have other positive influences in their life, it's likely for type twos to develop delinquent behaviors or eventually drop out of school.
如果他们没有一个支持系统，或在他们的生活中没有其他积极的影响，他们很可能出现犯罪行为或最终辍学。
Number three, the underground type.
第三种类型，地下型。
Type threes, also called the underground types, are gifted individuals who wanna try to hide their giftedness from others.
第三类，也称为地下型，是有天赋的人，他们想向别人隐藏自己的天赋。
This may be because they want to feel more included in a non-gifted peer group, feel too much pressure to excel, or dislike the intense scrutiny and attention that giftedness often brings.
这可能是因为他们想在非资优的同辈群体中感到更多的包容，感到有太多的压力要表现出色，或不喜欢资优往往带来的强烈审查和关注。
Those who don't manifest their giftedness until late childhood or early adolescence tend to fall into this category, most likely because that is the age when the desire for belongingness and social approval typically starts to intensify.
那些在童年晚期或青春期早期才表现出天赋的人往往属于这一类，很可能是因为这个年龄段对归属感和社会认可的渴望通常开始加强。
As a result of denying their full capabilities, they may end up feeling insecure and anxious.
由于否认自己的全部能力，他们最终可能会感到不安全和焦虑。
To remedy this, type threes need a lot of encouragement and understanding, not only from their parents and teachers, but also from their peers.
为了弥补这一点，这类型的人需要大量的鼓励和理解，不仅来自父母和老师，而且也来自他们的同伴。
Number four, the drop-out type.
第四位，辍学型。
Another type of gifted individual most people are unaware of is type fours, also known as the drop-out types, or the at-risk types.
大多数人不知道的另一种类型的资优人士是第四类，也被称为辍学型，或风险型。
Type fours tend to have a reputation and are labeled as such because they often struggle with feelings of anger, frustration, and depression as a result of their giftedness being overlooked, Similar to type twos, type fours struggle with their self-esteem because they feel rejected and unappreciated by others.
四类人往往名声在外，并被贴上这样的标签，因为他们经常因天赋被忽视而与愤怒、沮丧和抑郁的感觉作斗争，与第二类相似，第四类人与他们的自尊作斗争，因为他们感到被拒绝和不被他人欣赏。
Since their interests, skills, and talents don't align with the typical school curriculum, they don't receive the support and affirmation they need from the people around them.
由于他们的兴趣、技能和才能与典型的学校课程不一致，他们没有得到周围人的支持和肯定。
Number five, the double labeled type.
第五种，双重标签型。
The fifth type of giftedness as the double label type, which refers to gifted individuals who have a physical or emotional handicap of some sort.
第五种类型的资优为双标型，指的是有某种身体或情绪障碍的资优人士。
Most have learning disabilities, such as dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, and so on, which can make it difficult for school systems and programs to identify them as gifted.
大多数人有学习障碍，如阅读障碍、书写障碍、计算障碍等，这可能使学校系统和课程难以识别他们为资优。
Their handicap may also make it more difficult for them to complete their work on time or to fulfill other structured tasks as easily as other gifted students, which can make them more easily discouraged, frustrated, and critical of themselves.
他们的缺陷也可能令他们更难按时完成工作，或像其他资优学生一样容易完成其他结构化的任务，这可能令他们更容易灰心、沮丧和批评自己。
Type fives may also be impatient, stubborn, and sensitive to criticism, which only makes it more important that they're given the proper assistance to nurture their strengths and talents.
第五种类型也可能不耐烦、固执，对批评很敏感，这只会使他们得到适当的协助以培养他们的长处和才能更加重要。
And number six, the autonomous type.
还有第六种，自主型。
Last, but certainly not least, we have the autonomous type, which refers to those gifted individuals who are independent, conscientious, and self-reliant.
最后，自主型，指的是那些独立、自觉和自立的有天赋的人。
Similar to type ones, type sixes often find success and recognition because they have learned how to excel in the school setting or have found ways to make the system work for them.
与第一类相似，第六类经常获得成功和认可，因为他们已学会如何在学校环境中表现出色，或已找到方法使系统为他们工作。
Resourceful and goal oriented, they are natural-born leaders and are well-respected by those around them.
他们足智多谋，以目标为导向，是天生的领导者，深受周围人的尊重。
And unlike most other types, type sixes often are aware that they're gifted.
与大多数其他类型的人不同，六型人经常意识到他们是有天赋的。
However, because they have such a strong sense of personal power, they are never preoccupied with impressing other people, gaining their approval, or fitting in with their peers.
然而，由于他们有如此强烈的个人力量感，他们从不专注于给别人留下印象，获得他们的认可，或与他们的同龄人相适应。
So, which type did you relate to the most?
那么，你与哪种类型的人关系最密切？
Do you relate to more than one type?
你属于不止一种类型吗？
Let us know in the comments below.
请在下面的评论中告诉我们。
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如果你觉得这段视频有帮助，请要点喜欢、订阅，并与那些可能从中受益的人分享这个视频。
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不要忘记点击通知铃图标，以便在Psych2Go发布新视频时得到通知。
The references and studies used in this video are added in the description below.
本视频中使用的参考资料和研究报告已添加在下面的描述中。
Thanks for watching and we'll see you in the next video.
感谢您的观看，我们下个视频中再见。
