评论
打印
It was the shot heard around the world.
这是全世界都能听到的枪声。
On June 28, 1914, on a sweltering street in Sarajevo, a gunman fired into an open-topped car, killing Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
1914年6月28日，在萨拉热窝闷热的街道上，一名枪手向一辆敞篷汽车开枪，杀死了弗朗茨·斐迪南大公。
The murder of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire was the push that set the dominoes of Europe falling.
奥匈帝国继承人被谋杀是促使欧洲多米诺骨牌倒下的导火索。
One by one, the great nations declared war, until countries as far away as India, Japan, and America had all been sucked into the quagmire.
大国一个接一个地宣战，直到遥远的印度、日本和美国都被卷入泥潭。
Known as WWI, that quagmire would kill twenty million people and change the course of history.
这个泥潭被称为“第一次世界大战”，它杀死了2000万人，改变了历史的进程。
But who was Franz Ferdinand? Who was this obscure archduke whose death set the world ablaze?
但弗朗茨·斐迪南是谁呢？这位死后轰动了世界的无名大公是谁？
Born into a branch of the Austrian royal family, Franz Ferdinand seemed destined for a life of rich obscurity.
弗朗茨·斐迪南出生于奥地利皇室的一个分支，似乎注定要过无所事事的富裕生活。
Until, one day, tragic events conspired to make him heir to his family's empire.
直到有一天，一系列悲剧事件使他成为了家族帝国的继承人。
As emperor-in-waiting, Ferdinand implemented reforms and worked on plans that could've changed everything… only for an assassin's bullet to cut him down too soon.
作为候任皇帝，斐迪南实施了改革，并制定了本能改变一切的计划，结果却过早地被刺客的子弹射倒了。
In today's Biographics, we're investigating the life of the man whose death started WWI… and considering what might have happened had he lived.
在今天的传记中，我们将探访一个男人的一生，他的死亡引发了第一次世界大战……而如果他活着又会发生什么。
At the moment Franz Ferdinad first opened his eyes, on 18 December, 1863, not even the greatest seer could've predicted the tortured route that would lead to him dying on an anonymous Sarajevo street half a century later.
1863年12月18日，在弗朗茨·斐迪南第一次睁开眼睛的那一刻，即使是最伟大的先知也无法预测半个世纪后他将会在萨拉热窝一条无名的街道上死去。
At the time, Sarajevo was within the orbit of the decaying Ottoman Empire.
当时，萨拉热窝还在衰败的奥斯曼帝国的轨道上。
Franz Ferdinand, meanwhile, had been born into the chilly air of the Ottomans' ancient enemy: Austria.
与此同时，弗朗茨·斐迪南在奥斯曼帝国的宿敌—寒冷的奥地利出生了。
Not that being enemies meant the empires were at war.
然而，并不是说帝国之间处于战争状态。
In fact, they were in a period of relative peace that had allowed Ferdinand's ostensibly-military family to become lazy and boring.
事实上，他们正处于一段相对和平的时期，使得斐迪南表面上是军人的家庭变得懒惰和乏味。
Ferdinand's father, Archduke Karl Ludwig, was as staid and conservative as a church belltower.
斐迪南的父亲卡尔·路德维希大公像教堂的钟楼一样稳重保守。
His mother, Maria Annunziata, was a Bourbon princess who'd done nothing of note.
他的母亲玛丽亚·阿农齐亚塔是波旁王朝的一位公主，从未做过什么能够引起关注的事情。
Yet, for all their dull respectability, the family did have one claim on being interesting.
然而，尽管这一家人乏味而体面，却有一点叫人十分感兴趣。
Karl Ludwig was the brother was Franz Josef, the Habsburg emperor of Austria.
卡尔·路德维希的兄弟是弗朗茨·约瑟夫，他是奥地利哈布斯堡王朝的皇帝。
Not that baby Franz Ferdinand got much out his famous uncle.
小弗朗茨·斐迪南并没有从他著名的叔叔那里得到什么。
Since Franz Josef already had a son - Rudolf - there was little chance young Ferdinand would ever become emperor himself.
由于弗朗茨·约瑟夫已经有了一个儿子“鲁道夫”，年轻的费迪南成为皇帝的机会微乎其微。
Obviously, it wasn't impossible.
显然，这并非不可能。
He was third in line. But it was unlikely enough that Ferdinand was kept away from the corridors of power, even as he had to go through the standard Habsburg upbringing of God, army, and duty.
斐迪南排行老三，不过他不太可能远离权力的走廊，他必须经历哈布斯堡家族对上帝、军队和职责的标准教育。
Perhaps the only way the boy diverged from the standard Habsburg mould was in his passion for botany.
或许这个男孩与哈布斯堡家族的唯一不同之处就在于他对植物的热爱。
While other Habsburg men valued their guns and uniforms, Franz Ferdinand found an unlikely outlet in flowers.
当其他哈布斯堡家族的人都酷爱他们的枪支和制服时，弗朗茨·斐迪南却出人意料地在花儿上找到了出路。
From early childhood, it's said that he never looked quite as content as when he was gently pressing a rose between the pages of a book.
据说在孩提时代，当他轻轻地将一片玫瑰夹在书页之间时他就显得十分满足了。
Still, it's not like Ferdinand's horticultural side was sign of an artistic spirit.
不过，斐迪南的园艺并不是艺术精神的象征。
He really did value guns and uniforms, and enjoyed his conservative upbringing.
他真的很看重枪支和制服，并享受自己保守的成长环境。
The same cannot be said for Rudolf.
但鲁道夫就不是这样了。
The only son of emperor Franz Josef, Crown Prince Rudolf had been born on August 21, 1858, ending a run of unwanted baby girls.
王储鲁道夫是弗朗茨·约瑟夫皇帝的独子，他于1858年8月21日出生，而在他之前出生的全是女孩。
For Franz Josef, the arrival of a viable heir had been such a cause for celebration that he'd made Rudolf commander of an entire infantry regiment the very next day.
对弗朗茨·约瑟夫来说，一个可行的继承人的到来是一件值得庆祝的事情，他第二天就任命鲁道夫为整个步兵团的指挥官。
No word on how the previous commander felt about being replaced by a literally newborn baby.
对于被一个新生儿取代一事，前任指挥官没有表露出任何感受。
But while his cousin Franz Ferdinand would enjoy his military upbringing, Rudolf had hated it from the get-go.
虽然他的堂兄弗朗茨·费迪南很享受他的军事教育，但鲁道夫从一开始就很不喜欢。
From a young age, Rudolf had been pushed off onto a a sadistic tutor named Major-General Count Leopold Gondrecourt.
从很小的时候起，鲁道夫就被推给了一个虐待狂导师，名叫利奥波德·冈德科特少将。
Gondrecourt was that asshole Phys Ed teacher you had as a kid, pumped up on 19th Century notions of manliness, and given carte blanche to do whatever he liked to Rudolf.
冈德科特可以说就是小时候教过你的那个混蛋体育老师，他有着19世纪很重的的男子气概观念，并被赋予了对鲁道夫为所欲为的权力。
The Crown Prince was made to exercise outdoors for hours in the depths of the Austrian winter.
在奥地利的严冬里，王储要被迫在户外练习几个小时。
Guns were fired near his head in the middle of the night to wake him up.
半夜有人在他头旁开枪把他叫醒。
By 1865, Rudolf was a mental wreck.
直到1865年，鲁道夫精神崩溃了。
But still Franz Josef refused to fire Gondrecourt, believing Rudolf was a weakling who needed toughening up.
但弗兰兹·约瑟夫仍然拒绝解雇冈德雷克特，他认为鲁道夫是个需要磨练的弱者。
Finally, Empress Sisi intervened, threatening to leave the royal household if Gondrecourt kept abusing their son.
最后，塞西皇后出面干涉，威胁说如果冈德科特要继续虐待他们的儿子，她就离开皇室。
But by then, the damage had already been done.
然而到那时，损害已经造成。
Always a sensitive boy, Rudolf would never recover from the hard years he spent in the hands of Count Gondrecourt.
鲁道夫一直是一个敏感的孩子，他永远也无法从冈德科特伯爵的折磨中恢复过来。
It were these mental scars that would soon entwine his fate with Franz Ferdinand's.
正是这些精神上的创伤很快将他的命运与弗朗茨·费迪南的命运纠缠到了一起。
