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The temperature of regular stuff is basically just a measurement of jiggliness of the atoms and molecules that make that stuff up.
普通物体的温度 从本质上说 指的仅仅是组成该物质的原子 分子振动的剧烈程度
More jiggling, higher temperature.
振动越剧烈 温度越高
Less jiggling, lower temperature.
越不剧烈 温度越低
Of course, when something's at a high temperature, it feels hot,
当然 当某个物体温度较高时 它摸起来很烫
and when something's at a low temperature, it feels cold. Right?
当某物体的温度较低时 它摸起来很冷 不是吗
mmmjhyyaaanot exactly
嗯 不完全是哎
If you touch a piece of metal and a book that have been sitting in your fridge,
如果你用手摸刚从冰箱中拿出来的一块金属和一本书
the metal will feel much colder than the book
金属块摸起来比书冷得多
- Derek of Veritasium did a great video on this,
Veritasium的Derek为此做过一个不错的视频
but you really have to try it for yourself to believe it!
但是你真的应该亲身体验一下
The metal and the book are honestly at the same temperature as measured by a thermometer, but the metal FEELS colder.
事实上 用温度计测量金属块和书时 二者的温度相同 但是金属块感觉更冷
This isn't just a trick of the mind,
这不只是大脑的一个错觉
though - we experience the metal as "colder" than the book for a very physical reason:
书给我们的感觉比金属块“冷”有它的物理解释
metal is a conductor, and paper is an insulator,
金属是导热体 而纸是绝热体
so the ENERGY, or jiggliness of the molecules in our hands, is absorbed more quickly by the metal than by the book.
因此能量 或者说物体分子振动的剧烈程度 被金属吸收的速度比书更快
Even though the book and the metal are at the same temperature,
尽管书和金属块的温度是相同的
the metal causes the temperature of our hands to go down faster,
金属使得我们手掌表面温度下降得更快
and thus, we experience the metal as being colder -
因此 我们感觉金属更冷
because the temperature of our hands is what we really feel.
因为我们手掌表面的温度才是我们真正感觉到的
It's like how, technically, a mercury thermometer really only measures its own temperature
这就像 严格地说 水银温度计仅仅反映水银表面温度而已
and you can only indirectly measure temperatures of other things by putting them in thermal contact with it.
你只能通过使温度计和物体发生热交换 来间接地测量物体的温度
Similarly, the thermoreceptive nerves in our skin can only directly measure the temperature of the skin itself and not of anything else.
类似地 我们皮肤下的热感受细胞 仅仅能直接测量皮肤表面温度 其他的一概不行
So when we touch something, we don't feel its temperature, but rather, we feel its effect on our skin:
因此 我们摸其他东西时感受到的不是它的温度 而是我们感受到的 它对我们皮肤的影响
that is, how much and how quickly it transfers thermal energy - that's the jiggling of molecules - to or from us.
也就是它向我们吸收或传递热能 （实际上是分子的震荡）的多少和速度
The capacity to transfer thermal energy is also why a blast of steam from your stovetop can feel so much hotter than a blast of hot dry air from your oven,
物体传播热能的能力也解释了为什么灶台上的水蒸气给我们感觉比烤箱上升起的干燥热空气要烫得多
even though the oven has a higher temperature:
即便烤箱上热空气的温度更高
water vapor transfers more molecular jiggling to your skin than air by itself.
水蒸气向你皮肤表面转移的分子振动量比热空气的多
In fact, it's tempting to say that "hot" and "cold" are fundamentally different concepts from "high temperature" and "low temperature", even though we usually use the words interchangeably.
实际上 “冷热和温度高温度低是两个截然不同概念”的说法听起来更有道理 尽管我们经常将二者混为一谈
"Hot" really means "it gives off a lot of energy"
“热”意味着“物体向外传递很多能量”
while high temperature means "it has a lot of energy"
而温度高则意味着“物体所含能量高”
- and as anyone who's tried fundraising knows, just because somebody has a lot of something, doesn't necessarily mean they give a lot of it away.
正如每个曾筹过款的人都知道的 一个人所拥有的东西多并不一定意味着他们给予的多
