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January 3, 1943 - During an air raid, B-17 bombers darken the skies over Nazi-occupied Saint Nazaire, France.
1943年1月3日——在一次空袭中，B-17轰炸机在法国被纳粹占领的圣纳泽尔上空笼罩着。
An attack from German anti-aircraft artillery rips through a gun turret on one of the planes.
德国高射炮的攻击撕开了其中一架飞机的炮塔。
Thankfully the gunner, U.S. Army Air Force Staff Sergeant Alan Magee is unharmed, but his parachute has been shredded.
幸运的是，机枪手，美国陆军空军上士艾伦·麦基没有受伤，但他的降落伞已经被撕碎了。
Suddenly more flak blows off part of the plane's right wing, setting the bomber aflame and sending it into a deadly tail spin.
突然，更多的高射炮炸飞了飞机的一部分右翼，点燃了轰炸机，致使其尾翼开始致命旋转。
What happens next is miraculous--Magee blacks out and is thrown clear of the plane. He falls over 4 miles, some 22,000 ft (6,706 m) and lives.
接下来发生了一幕奇迹——麦基失去知觉，被扔出了飞机。他从4英里(约22000英尺(6706米))的高空坠落却活了下来。
He crashes through the glass roof of a train station, suffering severe injuries.
他撞穿了火车站的玻璃屋顶，受了重伤。
However, German doctors nurse him back to health and Magee spends most of the rest of World War II as a POW.
然而，在德国医生的悉心照料下，他恢复了健康，在第二次世界大战余下的大部分时间里，他都是战俘。
Interestingly, Sgt. Magee isn't the only person to have survived falling out of an airplane.
有趣的是，麦吉中士并不是唯一一个从飞机上坠落却还生还的人。
On January 26, 1972, Vesna Vulovic, a flight attendant was the sole survivor after a bomb exploded aboard JAT Yugoslav Airlines flight JU 367.
1972年1月26日，南斯拉夫航空公司JU 367航班上发生炸弹爆炸，空乘人员韦斯纳·乌洛维奇是唯一的幸存者。
She fell some 33,330 ft; (10,160 m) earning a spot in the Guinness World Records for surviving the highest fall without a parachute.
她从大约33330英尺(10160米)的高度跌落，因在没有降落伞的情况下从最高高度坠落却幸存下来而获得了吉尼斯世界纪录。
Also, who can forget brave Juliane Koepcke, whom we profiled in our episode She Fell 10,000 Feet And Survived 11 Days In The Amazon Rainforest!
还有，谁能忘记勇敢的朱莉安·科普克，我们在“她从10000英尺的高空跌落，在亚马逊雨林存活了11天！”那集里讲过她。
Juliane survived an incredible 2 mile (3.2 km) fall and then a trek through the jungle while severely injured!
朱莉安令人难以置信地从2英里(3.2公里)高处坠落，然后在身受重伤的情况下长途跋涉穿过丛林！
We don't even think we could survive a 2 mile jog, let alone a fall…
我们甚至都不认为自己能跑完2英里，更不用说从2英里的高度摔下。
How common is it to survive falling out of an airplane though? Is there anything you can do to improve your chances of surviving?
从飞机上掉下来生还的情况有多常见呢？你能做些什么来提高自己的生存几率呢？
The median lethal distance for falls is four stories or about 48 feet (14.6 m).
坠落的平均致死距离是四层楼高或大约48英尺(14.6米)。
This means that 50% of people who fall from four stories will sustain fatal injuries.
这意味着从四层楼摔下来，50%的人都会受到致命伤害。
It only gets worse as height increases. At 7 stories or 84 feet (25 m), the chance of survival are 1 in 10.
随着身高的增加，情况只会变得更糟。在7层楼高或25米高的地方，生还的几率是十分之一。
So unfortunately, the chances of survival when falling out of an airplane are pretty slim.
所以不幸的是，从飞机上坠落而生还的几率非常小。
No official statistics exist, however according to various aviation accident websites there are less than 50 known cases of survival when falling from a plane.
目前还没有官方统计数据，但根据各种航空事故网站的统计，已知的从飞机上坠落生还的人不到50人。
That would include falling out of an airplane without a parachute like Sgt. Magee or falling attached to airplane debris like Vulovic or Koepcke.
其中包括像麦吉中士那样在没有降落伞的情况下从飞机上坠落，或者像Vulovic或Koepcke那样附着在飞机残骸上坠落。
If you're gonna survive a plummet, it's better to fall from the cruising altitude of a commercial flight which is typical around 35,000 ft (10,668 m) rather than a shorter distance of 1,500 ft (457 m).
如果你想从高空坠落生还，那你最好从商用飞机的巡航高度(约35000英尺(10668米))、而不是从更短的1500英尺(457米)摔下来。
That sounds a little crazy, but hear us out. Falling from around 1,500 ft (457 m) or a distance just a little taller than the Empire State building, means you'll reach your terminal velocity before you hit the ground.
听起来有点疯狂，但请听我们说完。从大约1500英尺(457米)或比帝国大厦稍高的距离坠落，意味着你在落地前将达到你的终极速度。
As gravity pulls you toward earth, you fall faster, however at the same time your drag increases.
当重力把你拉向地球时，你会下落得更快，但同时阻力也会增加。
When downward force equals upward resistance, acceleration stops and you reach the fastest speed you will descend at or your terminal velocity.
当向下的重力等于向上的阻力时，加速度停止，你就会达到你下降的最快速度或者你的终极速度。
For average adult humans this is around 120-130 mph (193-209 kph).
对于普通成年人来说终极速度大约是120-130英里每小时(193-209公里每小时)。
So the impact speed is the same whether you fall from 35,000 ft (10,668 m) versus 1,500 (457 m). What's different is time.
所以无论你从3.5万英尺(10,668米)还是从1500英尺(457米)下落，撞击速度是一样的，不同的是时间。
1,500 ft (457 m) is going to only give you approximately 10-12 seconds of freefall before impact
1500英尺(457米)只能给你大约10-12秒的自由落体时间，
while falling from 35,000 ft (10,669 m) or over 6.6 miles (10.6 km) will give you about 3 minutes of freefall before you potentially become a pancake.
而从3.5万英尺(10669米)或超过6.6英里(10.6公里)的高度下落，在你可能会成为一摊煎饼之前，你会有大约3分钟的自由落体时间。
Actually, before and as you fall out of the plane, if possible grab ahold of plane debris.
实际上，在你从飞机上掉下来之前和之后，如果可能的话，抓住飞机残骸。
Becoming a 'wreckage rider' a term coined by Jim Hamilton, creator the Free Fall Research website,
自由落体研究网站的创建者吉姆·汉密尔顿创造了“残骸骑士”这个词。
a database cataloguing known free falls, can help you survive the plunge by adding some protection and even somewhat cushioning your fall.
该网站是一个为已知的自由落体编目的数据库，可以通过增加一些保护甚至缓冲你的下降来帮助你生还。
Also, the larger surface area of the debris area increases air drag, slowing your descent.
此外，碎片面积越大，空气阻力越大，降落速度就越慢。
Flight attendant Vulovic fell jammed between her seat, a catering cart, the body of another crew member and a section of the airplane.
空乘人员Vulovic被卡在她的座位、一辆餐车、另一名机组人员的尸体和飞机的一部分之间。
Though she was severely injured, being enclosed in debris helped to shield her from the worst of the impact.
尽管她受了重伤，但被包裹在碎片中帮助她免受了最严重的撞击。
Based on statistics from plausible free fall incidents, you are more likely to survive if you're attached to debris, than a free fall solo.
根据可能的自由落体事件的统计数据，附着在碎片上比独自自由落体存活下来的可能性更大。
When free falling from 35,000 ft (10,669 m) you have enough time to possibly make some very quick decisions on how to mitigate your impact.
当你从35,000英尺(10,669米)的高空自由落体时，你有足够的时间来快速决定如何减轻自己的影响。
However, there are drawbacks from falling from such a high distance.
然而，从这么高的距离跌落也有缺点。
At higher altitudes, it's extremely cold, the temperature at 35,000 ft (10,669 m) is often in excess of -67 F (-55C).
在更高的海拔会非常寒冷，35,000英尺(10,669米)的海拔温度通常会在零下67华氏度(零下55摄氏度)以下。
A reaction to the cold or rapid change in temperature as you drop is possible, however there are no reports detailing how individuals have been affected.
坠落时你是有可能感受到寒冷和温度的快速变化的，只不过并没有详细的报告说明人在这个过程中会如何受到影响。
Frankly, temperature is the least of your worries. At 35,000 ft (10,669 m) oxygen is thin;
坦白说，温度不是你最需要担心的。在35,000英尺(10,669米)的高空，氧气很稀薄，
it's likely that you will experience hypoxia and spend roughly the first minute of your fall unconscious.
你很可能会经历缺氧，所以在你坠落的大概一分钟左右你会处于无意识状态。
You might stay unconscious for the duration of your fall, and be spared the last few terrifying moments of your life, but most likely you'll come to once you've fallen around 2 miles (3.21 km).
你可能会在整个坠落过程中都处于无意识状态，这样你就不会经历生命中最后几个可怕的时刻，但最有可能的情况是，当你从大约2英里(3.21公里)的地方摔下来之后你就会苏醒过来。
Of course how fast you're falling and how quickly you regain consciousness are tied to several variables that we cannot account for
当然，你下落的速度和你恢复意识的速度与一些我们无法解释的变量有关，
such as air currents, the trajectory at which you leave the plane, your mass and personal blood oxygen saturation level.
比如气流、你离开飞机的轨迹、你的体重和个人的血氧饱和度。
Once you awaken, you'll have around 2 minutes left to execute any strategies for survival. The first thing you want to do is calm down.
一旦你醒来，你会有大约2分钟的时间来执行任何生存策略，首先要做的就是冷静下来。
We get it, it's extremely hard to adopt a zen like attitude when death is most likely imminent, but take a deep breath and try anyway.
我们知道，当死亡迫在眉睫时我们很难采取禅宗态度，但请深呼吸，无论如何都要尝试一下。
