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We've all seen the Hollywood movies where the good guy has an epic shootout with a thousand bad guys,
我们都看过好莱坞电影，好人和一千个坏人进行史诗般的枪战，
and after gunning them all down, the lead bad guy fires off one bullet and hits our hero in the shoulder,
在把他们全部击倒之后，带头的坏人开了一枪，击中了英雄的肩膀
or maybe the leg- somewhere painful but, you know, not lethal.
或者腿部，反正就是某个部位很痛，但是并不致命。
Then the bad guy goes down in a hail of gunfire as the hero wins the day through superior firepower.
然后坏人在枪林弹雨中倒下，英雄凭借强大的火力赢得了胜利。
What's not shown in these Hollywood movies though is just how dangerous it is to get shot- yes, even a quote- flesh wound- end quote.
但这些好莱坞电影中没有展示的是，中枪有多危险。没错，有这样的引述“皮肉之伤”。
Today though, we're gonna explore what happens to your body when you get shot and how to survive a gunshot wound.
不过，今天我们要探讨的是，中枪时身体会发生什么变化，以及如何在中枪后幸存。
Obviously nobody thinks a gunshot to the head is a great idea,
显然没有人认为头部中枪是个好主意，
but surely getting shot in the shoulder or the leg will make you look pretty heroic and maybe hurt real bad, but not be life threatening?
但肩膀或腿部中枪肯定会让你看起来很英勇，也许伤得很重，但不会危及生命？
Sadly, it's time to toss all of those myths out the window, because yes, even a shot to the shoulder and especially the leg can be fatal.
遗憾的是，现在该撇开所有这些神话了，因为没错，即使是肩膀，特别是腿部中枪也可能致命。
Bullets travel fast, that's why Superman is famously portrayed as 'faster than a speeding bullet'.
子弹飞得很快，这就是超人被描绘成“比高速子弹还快”的原因。
What you may not realize though is just how fast they travel.
但你可能没意识到的是它们的速度有多快。
A nine millimeter bullet of the same caliber used by most police officers, travels at a whopping 900 mile an hour (1,448, kph),
大多数警察使用的口径相同的9毫米子弹的射速高达每小时900英里（1448公里），
while a 5.56mm round of the type used by American combat carbines typically travels at 2,045 miles per hour (3291 kph).
而美国对决用的卡宾枪使用的5.56毫米子弹的射速通常为每小时2045英里（3291公里）。
A 7.62mm round of the type used by heavy American machine guns and the AK family of Russian combat rifles
美国重型机关枪和俄罗斯AK系列战斗步枪
travels on average at 1,841 miles per hour (2,963 kph).
使用的0.5毫米口径的子弹平均每小时飞行1841英里（2963公里）。
Those incredible speeds means that they contain an incredible amount of kinetic energy.
这些难以置信的速度意味着它们包含了难以置信的动能。
Bullets however are very small things, most are under an inch- but what they lack in mass,
然而，子弹是非常小的东西，大多数都在一英寸以下。但是它们缺乏质量，
they more than make up for in acceleration, and remember that in Newton's Second Law of Motion
在加速度方面弥补了它们的不足。别忘了，在牛顿第二运动定律中，
the relationship between speed and kinetic energy is not additive, it's quadratic.
速度和动能之间的关系不是相加的，而是平方关系。
With such incredible velocities, even small rounds can deliver a truly terrifying amount of energy.
以如此难以置信的速度，即使是很小的子弹也能释放出可怕的能量。
Take for example the humble 9mm bullet, even with its small size it can still deliver on average 542 Joules of energy,
以普通的9毫米子弹为例，即使它体积很小，仍能提供平均542焦耳的能量，
while the 5.56mm round packs around 1763 Joules, and the 7.62 round around 3525 Joules.
而5.56毫米子弹的能量约为1763焦耳，7.62毫米子弹的能量约为3525焦耳。
When a bullet enters the body all of that energy it's carrying has to go somewhere, and that's going to be your soft, fleshy body tissues.
子弹进入人体时，它携带的所有能量都必须转移到某个地方，那就是柔软的肉质身体组织。
As the bullet enters, the shockwave of the impact causes your flesh to expand and creates a large cavity, which then very quickly falls back in on itself.
子弹射入时，冲击波会使肌肉膨胀，形成一个大洞，然后很快又会恢复原状。
This huge shock through your body's tissues can severely damage internal organs, even if the bullet didn't actually pierce any of them.
这种通过身体组织的巨大冲击会严重损伤内脏，即使子弹没有穿透任何内脏。
Next is damage that bullets cause once they're inside your body.
接下来是子弹进入体内后造成的伤害。
In the movies the good guy gets shot in the arm or leg and the bullet is fished out and the wound cauterized and bam,
在电影中，好人的胳膊或腿中枪，子弹都能取出，伤口烧灼，砰的一声，
just like that the hero is ready to go back to chewing bubblegum and kicking ass.
就像这样，英雄准备回去嚼泡泡糖走人。
In real life things tend to get messy, specially if the bullet's final stop is somewhere nice and bony like a shoulder.
在现实生活中，事情往往变得一团糟，特别是如果子弹的最后停在一个好位置，比如骨瘦如柴的肩膀。
That's because bullets are very prone to fragmenting once hitting something solid like bone
这是因为子弹一旦击中像骨头这样的固体，
due to their incredible velocities, and the fact that bullets tend to be made up of layers of different materials.
由于其难以置信的速度，很容易让骨头碎裂，而且子弹往往是由不同的材料层组成。
Striking a bone, or sometimes even just the extreme stresses of rapid deceleration inside the human body,
击中一根骨头，有时甚至仅是在人体内快速减速的极端应力，
can be enough to fragment a bullet into many pieces, and this can make things really messy.
就足以让子弹碎裂成许多碎片，这会让情况变得非常遭。
Fragments of the bullet will explode outwards in different directions, causing even more damage to surrounding tissues and organs.
子弹碎片会向不同方向向外爆炸，对周围组织和器官造成更大的伤害。
Bullets that retain most of their mass are even prone to bouncing around inside the body cavity if they happen to strike bone,
如果子弹恰好击中骨头，保留了大部分质量的子弹甚至很容易在体腔内弹跳，
and needless to say having a piece of very sharp, deformed metal bouncing around inside you like a pinball machine is not great for your health.
更不用说让一块非常锋利、变形的金属像弹球机一样在体内弹跳对健康是无益的。
