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The Maid of Orleans, Jeanne d’Arc,
珍妮·达尔克是奥尔良的女儿，
better known for us as Joan of Arc,
我们更熟悉的名字是圣女贞德，
was a military leader in France during 1429 and 1430.
她在1429年和1430年间是法国的军事领袖。
She was born on January 6th 1412.
她出生于1412年1月6日。
Her last name, Of Arc, comes from her dad, Jaques D’arc,
她的姓是阿尔克，来自她的父亲贾克斯·达尔克，
tho it is also found in documents as Darc, Tarc, Dare, Day…
尽管在各种文件中也有过达尔克、塔尔克、戴尔、黛尔……的记载。
but translated, it’s something like Of Arc.
但是翻译过来，它有点像阿尔克。
Jaques, along with his wife Isabelle Romee, owned 50 acres in the community of Domremi, in France.
贾克斯和他的妻子伊莎贝尔·罗米在法国的多姆雷米社区拥有50英亩的土地。
Joan’s dad, apart from being a farmer also had a minor position as a village official, heading the local watch.
圣女贞德的父亲除了是一名农民外，还有一个村官的小职位，负责当地的监察工作。
When Joan of Arc was born, France was facing a long war against England,
圣女贞德出生时，法国正面临一场与英国的长期战争，
known as the Hundred Years War - an armed-conflict that lasted for 116 years.
即百年战争，这是一场持续了116年的武装冲突。
Its purpose was to decide who would control the great possessions the English monarchs had accumulated since 1154 in French territory.
其目的是决定谁将控制英国君主自1154年以来在法国领土上积累的大量财产。
Since she was 7, Jeanne already knew she was special -
从7岁起，圣女贞德就知道自己很特别——
she used to say she had mystic visions that guided and protected her.
她常说她有神秘的幻象指引和保护着她。
With time, they started becoming more vivid -
随着时间的推移，神秘的幻象开始变得更加生动-
she could see Saint Catherine, Saint Margaret and Saint Michael.
她可以看到圣·凯瑟琳，圣·玛格丽特和圣·迈克尔。
These visions told her she had to be good and merciful, and they became more and more epic each time.
这些幻象告诉她，她必须善良仁慈，这样的想法每次都变得愈发深刻。
In the first months of 1429, during the Hundred Years War and when the English were about to conquer Orleans,
1429年的头几个月，在百年战争期间，当英国人即将征服奥尔良时，
those voices encouraged her to help the Dauphin, later on King of France, Charles VII, who hadnt been crowned yet.
这些声音鼓励她帮助王太子，也就是后来的法国国王查尔斯七世，当时他还没有加冕。
The voice, that of Saint Michael, the Saint Protector of France, told her that she’d be the one to relieve the siege (sich) of Orleans, which had started in 1428.
法国的圣徒保护者圣迈克尔的声音告诉她，她将是那个解除1428年开始的奥尔良的围攻困境的人。
Joan, decided to accomplish her destiny,
圣女贞德决定完成自己的使命，
tried to convince Robert de Baudricourt, captain of a royal garrison in the north of Domremí, to provide her with a escort to go to Orleans.
她试图说服一位在多梅利北部的皇家卫戍部队的队长罗伯特·德·鲍德里科特，为她提供前往奥尔良的护送。
It took more than a year for that captain to help Joan, when he saw she had the support of the people.
花了一年多的时间，那个队长才帮助圣女贞德，因为他看到圣女贞德得到了人民的支持。
In 1429, he lent her a horse and a escort of several soldiers.
1429年，他借给她一匹马和几个士兵的护卫。
Joan cut her hair and dressed as a man for her trip towards the war.
圣女贞德为参战剪了头发，打扮成男人。
When she arrived, they were suspicious, but in the end they accepted her in the battle where the french ended up winning.
当她到达时，奥尔良人很怀疑，但最终他们在那场法国获胜的战斗中接受了她。
It is difficult to define, clearly, Joan’s role in the relief of Orleans.
很难明确界定圣女贞德在解救奥尔良行动中的角色。
Historians highlight two things:
历史学家强调了两件事：
she preferred the banner over the sword and she meant a great moral impulse for her army.
她更象征着旗帜而不是剑，她对她的军队意味着巨大的道德动力。
Others say she was more than that: she was a very talented tactician and a succesful strategist.
其他人认为她不仅仅是这样：她是一个非常有才华的战术家和一个成功的战略家。
And she was only 17 years old.
她才17岁。
After winning in Orleans, her new nickname was born, Joan, the Maid of Orleans,
在奥尔良获胜后，她的新绰号诞生了，圣女贞德，奥尔良的女儿，
and after this victory came some others under her leadership, for Charles VII.
在这场胜利之后，在她的领导下，查尔斯七世收获了一场又一场的胜利。
Until her final battle came.
直到最后一战来临。
On May 23rd 1430, she had to defend Compiegne from an attack from the burgundians, an allied of the English.
1430年5月23日，她不得不保卫康皮涅免受英国盟军邦迪亚人的袭击。
This city was in front of a bridge and it could be a potential siege (sill) point.
这座城市位于一座桥前，它可能是一个潜在的围攻点。
Joan commanded her army against the enemy forces,
圣女贞德指挥她的军队对抗敌军，
but they were bigger than expected and managed to capture the prized Maid of Orleans.
但敌军的规模比预期的要大，他们成功地俘获了这位珍贵的奥尔良少女。
Joan of Arc was then taken to Rouen for her trial.
圣女贞德随后被带到鲁昂受审。
Between February 21st and March 24th 1431,
在1431年2月21日至3月24日期间，
she was interrogated almost a dozen times by a jury,
她被陪审团审问了十几次，
where she was accused of heresy and subject to intense interrogations.
在那里她被指控信奉异教，并受到了激烈的审问。
n total, up to 70 charges were presented against her.
英国总共对她提出了多达70项指控。
The most serious of all, that of inventing false revelations and devine appearances.
最严重的一项指控是她编造虚假启示和恶魔形象。
In the end, she was accused of heresy and condemned to be burned at the stake on May 29th 1431.
最后，她被指控信奉异教，并于1431年5月29日被判处火刑。
The next day, she was executed in front of around 10 thousand people.
第二天，她在大约1万人面前被处决。
She was 19 years old.
她当时19岁。
Joan lived a life full of mysticims and her death couldn't be any different.
圣女贞德的一生充满神秘色彩，她的死也没有什么不同。
There is a legend that says her heart survived the fire with no damage.
传说她的心脏在火刑中毫发无伤。
Some years later, Charles VII, having already won the war, asked for a revision of the trial and Joan was freed of all charges..
几年后，已经赢得战争的查理七世要求修改审判，圣女贞德被免除了所有指控……
In 1920 she was declared a saint and patron saint of France by Benedict XV.
920年，她被本笃十五世宣布为法国的圣女和守护神。
The war of the hundred years was one of the longest and hardest conflicts in the history of humanity,
百年战争是人类历史上最漫长、最艰难的战争之一，
and even tho Joan didnt win the war, she did change things completely,
即使圣女贞德没有赢得这场战争，她也确实彻底改变了一切，
getting an almost-defeated France to start a counter attack, stronger than ever.
让一个几乎战败的法国发动反击，比以往任何时候都强大。
