评论
打印
The OPHR had 5 key demands, among them being to disinvite South Africa and Rhodesia,
OPHR提出了5个关键要求，包括取消对南非和罗得西亚
two countries practicing apartheid, from competing in the games,
这两个实行种族隔离制度的国家的参赛邀请，
the removal of openly racist International Olympic Committee President Avery Brundage,
罢免公开搞种族歧视的国际奥委会主席艾弗里·布伦达奇，
and hiring Black coaches to US teams.
为美国队聘请黑人教练等。
The potential boycott became a hot topic in the news – – and of debate among athletes.
呼之欲出的抵制运动登上了新闻的热门话题，在运动员内部也引发了热烈的讨论。
"All the Black athletes want to run,
“所有黑人运动员都想参赛，
but we don't want to close the door on millions of Black people here in the United States."
我们也不想让美国数百万黑人运动员失去这个机会。”
"I don't see a boycott really helping the Negro cause."
“我觉得抵制对黑人的运动事业起不到太大作用。”
In the months leading up to the games in Mexico City,
距离墨西哥城奥运会开幕已经只有几个月了，
the OPHR kept members of the press guessing whether they would attend or not.
OPHR依然没有向媒体透露他们的运动员是否还会出席奥运会。
"We will let you know about the future of your Olympic team when we deem it proper,
“时机到了，我们觉得你们能处理好那些信息的时候，
and when we feel that you can handle that kind of information.
我们自然会告诉你们你们队会不会出席，
Right now, we just don't think that you're ready."
我们只是觉得你们现在还没有做好这个准备。”
"Tom, when will come a determination whether you, Lee Evans, and others will or will not boycott the Olympics?"
“汤姆，你、李·埃文斯和其他人会还是不会加入抵制奥运会的队伍啊？什么时候才能有个准信呢？”
"I wish that I could tell you."
“我要能告诉你就好了。”
Ultimately, it came down to a vote.
最终，他们举行了一次投票。
"The decision was made that if there wasn't a kind of unified or the majority of Black athletes would participate,
“当时的决定是，如果大家没有达成统一，或者说大多数黑人运动员都不愿意加入的话，
the boycott would be called off.
将取消抵制活动。
Because those who did boycott, like Tommie Smith, would have been boycotting in vain.
因为如果是那样的话，那些参加抵制的人，比如汤米·史密斯，就等于白忙活了。
Another Black person simply would have taken their place."
因为没参加抵制的黑人运动员会顶替他们的比赛成绩。”
Even though most of the OPHR's demands remained unmet, the athletes headed to Mexico City,
虽然OPHR的要求大部分都没有得到满足，运动员们还是去墨西哥城参赛了，
with plans to make their own demonstration if the opportunity arose.
他们的计划是只要有机会，他们就用他们自己的方式示威。
Which it did – on October 16th, following the men's 200 meter final.
机会真的就来了——10月16日，男子200米决赛之后。
OPHR members Tommie Smith and John Carlos won gold and bronze, respectively, and Smith set a new world record.
OPHR成员汤米·史密斯和约翰·卡洛斯分别获得了金牌和铜牌，史密斯还创下了新的世界纪录。
After the race, they solemnly approached the medal stand – shoeless, wearing black socks accepted their medals...
比赛结束后，他们庄严地走向领奖台……没穿鞋子，只穿着黑色袜子接过了他们的奖牌……
and, just as the US National Anthem began to play, did this:
而且，美国国歌响起的时候，他们又做出了这样的举动：
For the full duration of the Star-Spangled Banner,
在悬挂星条旗的整个过程中，
Smith and Carlos bowed their heads and each raised a black-gloved fist in the air –
史密斯和卡洛斯二人一直低着头，各自还都举起了一只戴黑手套的拳头——
to protest the racial injustice in their home country, and show solidarity with those fighting for equality.
以示对祖国的种族不公的抗议，以及对那些为平等而抗争的人的声援。
The fists are not the only symbolic gesture in this image, as Tommie Smith explained later:
正如汤米·史密斯后来解释的那样，两只举起的拳头并不是这张照片中唯一的象征姿态：
"The right glove signified the power within Black America.
“右手戴的手套象征着美国黑人内在的力量。
The left glove signified Black unity.
左手手套象征着黑人的团结。
The scarf that was worn around my neck signified Blackness.
戴在我脖子上的围巾象征的是我们的黑人身份。
John Carlos and me wore black socks without shoes to also signify our poverty."
我和约翰·卡洛斯都只穿着黑色袜子，没穿鞋，象征的是我们的贫穷。”
Additionally, John Carlos wore his jacket unzipped –
另外，约翰·卡洛斯外套的拉链也是没有拉的——
a violation of Olympic etiquette – to show solidarity with working class Americans.
这是违反奥运会礼仪的——为的是向美国工人阶级表示声援。
He also wore black beads – to honor victims of lynching.
他还戴了一串黑色的珠子——为的是纪念私刑的受害者。
And finally, all three medal winners, including silver medalist Peter Norman of Australia, wore…
还有，所有获奖者，包括银牌得主，澳大利亚选手彼得·诺曼都戴了……
"Buttons reading Olympic Project for Human Rights.
“写着‘奥林匹克人权项目’的胸章。
There were some boos in the stadium last night."
昨晚的体育场里还响起了一阵唏嘘之声。”
This moment was the ultimate manifestation of the work of Harry Edwards and the OPHR
这一刻堪称哈里·爱德华兹和OPHR组织直言不讳地
to intersect outspoken political activism with sport.
将政治活动融于体育的这一策略的终极体现。
And it ended Smith and Carlos' Olympics.
这一刻也给史密斯和卡洛斯的奥运征程画上了句号。
"The International Olympic Committee suspended them Friday,
“国际奥委会于周五暂停了他们的比赛资格，
their credentials were taken away, and they were told they could not stay in Mexico."
他们的参赛证已被吊销，还被告知不能留在墨西哥城。”
They were dropped from the US Olympic team and given 48 hours to leave Mexico.
他们被从美国奥运代表队的名单中除名了，还被要求在48小时内离开墨西哥城。
Sports journalist Howard Cosell criticized the US Olympic Committee's decision in this fiery broadcast from Mexico City.
体育记者霍华德·科塞尔在这条言辞激烈的广播中批评了美国奥委会的决定。
"They say the games are sports, not politics, something separate and apart from the realities of life.
“他们说，奥运会是体育不是政治，是与现实生活无关的东西。
But the Black athlete says he is a human being before he is an athlete.
但这位黑人运动员说，他首先是一个人，其次才是一名运动员。
That he wants equality everywhere, not just within the arena."
他说他希望平等能够不分场合，不能只在赛场内讲平等。”
"Tommie Smith and John Carlos were saying, 'Black athletes don't have it made in American society.
“汤米·史密斯和约翰·卡洛斯都说过，‘黑人运动员还是没有得到社会的认可。
We may be famous, but we face the same discrimination that other Black people do.
我们可能很出名，但我们受到的歧视并不比其他黑人少。
And we don't appreciate being used as a way to counter the Black struggle coming out of Black communities.'
我们也不喜欢被当成对抗黑人社区发起的斗争的工具。
Black athletes are Black.
黑人运动员也是黑人。
People have multiple identities.
人有很多种身份。
I think Colin Kaepernick is representing a voice in the Black community which is the same thing I think that Carlos and Smith were saying.
我觉得科林·凯珀尼克代表的黑人群体的心声也是卡洛斯和史密斯曾经想要表达的东西。
That the Black struggle is more than just about integration and assimilation,
那就是，黑人的斗争不仅仅是针对种族融合及同化的问题，
it's also about empowering this particular community.
也是为了赋予黑人这个特别的群体以权利的问题。
And people like Tommie Smith, Harry Edwards, John Carlos, came from poor Black communities."
汤米·史密斯、哈里·爱德华兹、约翰·卡洛斯他们都出身于贫穷的黑人社区。”
Which is why this protest on the Olympic medal stand wasn't just about sports.
这也是为什么这届奥运会领奖台上的抗议不仅仅是对体育行业发起的抗议的原因。
As Tommie Smith explained to Howard Cosell the next day.
正如颁奖次日汤米·史密斯向霍华德·科塞尔解释的那样。
"Do you think you represented all Black athletes in doing this?"
“你认为，你这么做代表的是所有黑人运动员吗？”
"I can say I represented Black America.
“我可以说我代表了整个美国黑人社会。
I'm very proud to be a Black man, and also to have won a gold medal.
我非常自豪我是一名黑人，也很自豪能拿到金牌。
And this, I thought, I could represent my people by letting them know that I'm proud to be a Black man."
至于抗议这个事，我觉得，我可以代表我所有的黑人同胞，我要让他们知道，我是黑人我自豪。”
