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There are a lot of good things to say about closure.
关于结束有很多好的方面要说。
Roughly defined, it's this at-peace feeling that comes when you're ready to move on from something — and it's a great feeling to have when you're getting over a break-up or graduating.
粗略地说，当你准备好从某件事中走出来的时候，就会感受到这种平和的感觉。当你从分手的悲伤中走出来或毕业的时候，那种感觉非常棒。
Research even suggests that those who feel closure about something often have less regret about it.
研究甚至表明，那些对某件事产生结束感的人往往对事情不再感到那么后悔。
But, that being said… seeking closure has a dark side, too.
但是，寻求结束感也有其阴暗的一面。
And if you're not careful, chasing after it could set you up for some pretty bad decisions.
如果你不够小心，追逐结束感会让你做出一些非常糟糕的决定。
Before you ask, no, this episode is not about rebound relationships.
在你询问之前我要告诉你，这一集节目不是关于反弹式的爱情关系 。
It's about what psychologists call need for closure, or need for cognitive closure.
它是关于心理学家所说的需要结束感，或需要认知到事件结束。
It's a trait that exists on a sliding scale, meaning that some people have a higher NFC, and some people have a lower one.
这个特征具有浮动性，这意味着一些人对结束感的需要程度较高，有些人则较低。
Where you fall on this scale can change with the situation, but people do tend to have some kind of fundamental preference.
你的得分会随情况而发生变化，但人们确实倾向于存在某种基本偏好。
And generally, that preference depends on how comfortable you are with uncertainty.
一般来说，这种偏好取决于你对不确定性的适应程度。
If you have a really low NFC, you probably prefer ambiguity and leaving things unresolved.
如果你对需要结束感的要求程度较低，你可能更喜欢模棱两可，不把事情解决。
Like, you might not want to know why that person broke up with you, or you might not feel like putting in the effort to find out.
比如，你可能不想知道对方为什么和你分手，或者你可能不想花力气去找寻答案。
Meanwhile, if you have a high NFC, you most likely prefer solid, certain answers and quickly tying up loose ends.
而如果你对需要结束感的要求程度较高，你可能更喜欢坚定、确凿的答案，并迅速把事情解决。
This can obviously apply to romantic relationships, but it can also apply to just about anything that involves decision-making.
这显然适用于浪漫的爱情关系，但也适用于任何涉及决策的事情。
And while there's nothing wrong with having a high or low need for closure, a high NFC is associated with a number of pitfalls.
虽然对结束感需要程度的高低没有对错可言，但需要程度高与许多隐患休戚相关。
Because if your goal is to feel closure as fast as possible, that could lead to mistakes.
因为如果你的目标是尽可能快地结束，则可能会导致错误。
For example, multiple studies have found that a high NFC can cause someone to make rash decisions — especially when they already have prior knowledge about a subject.
例如，多项研究发现，结束感需要程度高会导致一些人做出草率的决定，特别是当他们已经对某个主题有了先验知识的时候。
Like, imagine your friends are arguing about where to get takeout.
比如，想象一下你的朋友们正在争论去哪订外卖。
If you have a high NFC, it might feel more satisfying to just hurry up and pick a place you already know instead of debating the pros and cons — even if another option could be better.
如果你的结束感需要程度高，你就更会迅速选择一个已经知道的地方，而不是去争辩利弊，即使另一个选择可能会更好。
And that makes sense.
这样做说得通。
If your goal is to get a quick, satisfying answer, it might not matter as much if you're picking the objectively best choice.
如果你的目标是得到一个快速、令人满意的答案，那么是否做出了最好的选择，就不是那么重要了。
That's a pretty harmless example, but this idea can also come into play when you're picking a college, choosing where to work, or deciding how to vote on political issues.
这是一个无伤大雅的例子，不过当你选择大学，选择工作地点，或者决定如何就政治问题投票时，这种想法也会发挥作用。
Additionally, having a high NFC can also lead to biases, like one called correspondence bias.
此外，拥有结束感需要程度高也会导致偏见，比如所谓的联系偏见。
This is where you make a generalization about someone based on a specific situation.
此时，你可以根据具体情况对某人进行概括。
Like, if you met a coworker right after their big performance review, you might assume they're just a fundamentally nervous, stressed-out person.
比如，如果你在同事进行重要的绩效评估之后遇到他，你可能会认为他只是个紧张兮兮的人。
Which isn't necessarily true.
这不一定是真的。
Now, that totally isn't to say that having a high need for closure is bad, or that a low need is all sunshine and rainbows.
这并不是说，结束感需要程度高是件坏事，或程度低就是阳光和彩虹。
Research does suggest that those with a low NFC tend to be less prone to bias, and to make more thoughtful choices and analyses, because they're not rushing to get closure.
研究确实表明，结束感需要程度低的人不太容易产生偏见，并能做出更深思熟虑的选择和分析，因为他们并不急于结束。
But avoiding closure entirely can also lead to missed opportunities.
但是，完全避免结束感也会导致错过机会。
Like, if your Tinder match didn't text you back after that first meet-up, you might not want to know why.
比如，如果你的相亲对象没有在第一次见面后给你回短信，你可能不想知道原因。
But maybe that info could help you on your next first date.
但这些信息也许会对你下次赴约有所帮助。
Or maybe they were just a jerk.
或者他们只是个混蛋而已。
Point is, you don't know, so you can't really learn from the experience.
关键是你不知道是什么情况，所以你不能真正从经验中学习。
And, a high NFC also has some significant benefits.
而且，结束感需要程度高也有一些显著的好处。
For example, in situations where people have to make a choice using no prior knowledge, those with a high NFC seem to spend more time researching their options.
例如，在人们不得不在没有先验知识的情况下做出选择时，那些结束感需要程度高的人似乎会花更多的时间去研究他们的选择。
One study that examined this was published in 2015 in the journal Motivation and Emotion.
2015年，在《动机与情感》期刊上发表了一项研究。
It asked 115 participants to take a survey that measured their need for closure, examining things like their preference for order and discomfort with ambiguity.
它要求115名参与者进行一项调查，测量他们对结束感的需求程度，检查他们对顺序的偏好和对模棱两可感觉的不适感。
Then, the researchers had participants do a decision-making task involving a grid of squares.
然后，研究人员让参与者做一个包含方格模型的决策任务。
All the squares started out gray, but if you clicked on one, it would turn one of two colors.
所有的方块开始都是灰色的，但是如果点击其中一个，它就会变成两种颜色中的一种。
The goal was to figure out which color was dominant underneath all the gray, and you could click as many gray boxes as you wanted before you made your choice.
我们的目标是找出在所有的灰色下面哪个颜色占主导地位，在做出选择之前，你可以点击任意多个灰色格子。
The results showed that those with a higher NFC tended to take advantage of that: When there was no penalty, they clicked more boxes and gathered more evidence before making their decision.
结果显示，结束感需要程度较高的人往往会利用这一点：当没有处罚时，他们会点击更多的格子，收集更多证据，然后再做决定。
This suggests that this group isn't necessarily opposed to exploring their options.
这表明这个群体并不一定反对去探索他们做出的选择。
If they don't have any background knowledge to rely on, the best way to be certain of their decision is to do more research.
如果他们没有任何可依赖的背景知识，确定他们的决定的最好方法就是进行更多的研究。
The quick decision-making likely comes in when they do have prior knowledge that they can draw from to get a satisfying answer — basically, a short-cut to that sense of closure.
快速决策很可能出现在确实具有先验知识的情况下，人们可以从中得到满意的答案。基本上来说，这是获得结束感的一种捷径。
And outside of studies, these effects could mean that someone with a high NFC is willing to put more effort into something like a new work project, or the first assignment in a new class.
在研究之外，这些影响可能意味着结束感需要程度较高的人，愿意把更多的精力投入到新的工作项目或新班级的第一次作业上。
Understanding this trait and where you fall on that NFC spectrum can reveal a lot about how you make decisions.
了解这一特点以及你所属的结束感需要程度范围，可以揭示出你如何做出决定。
And depending on where you rank, it can help you become more thoughtful, more decisive, or avoid biases.
而且根据你的排名，它可以帮助你变得更加深思熟虑，更加果断，或者避免偏见。
But those aren't the only benefits: Understanding where you and others fall on this scale can help you succeed and avoid conflict, too.
但这些并不是唯一的好处：了解你和其他人在该尺度上的差异有助于你取得成功，也可以避免冲突。
Take the results of a 2015 study that observed 90 nurses.
以2015年对90名护士进行观察的研究结果为例。
It found that employees seemed to do best when their need for closure matched their boss' management style.
研究发现，当员工对结束感的需要程度与老板的管理风格相匹配时，员工似乎工作得最好。
For those with a low NFC, having a boss that encouraged autonomy was negatively associated with stress and burnout.
对于那些对结束感的需要程度低的人来说，拥有一个鼓励自主行事的老板与压力和倦怠感呈负相关。
And the same was true for those with a high NFC who had more assertive managers.
而对于那些对结束感的需要程度高，其管理者的自信度更高的人来说，情况也是如此。
The scientists didn't say much about why, but this could be because assertiveness gives an employee a more certain idea of what they're supposed to be doing and how.
科学家们并未对原因做出更多的解释，但这可能是因为自信让员工对自己应该做什么，以及如何做有更明确的认识。
Autonomy, on the other hand, allows more room for uncertainty and creative brainstorming.
另一方面，自主性为不确定性和创造性的头脑风暴提供了更大的空间。
Research like this could help organizations match up mentors and mentees.
这样的研究可以帮助组织将导师和学员匹配起来。
Or it could help them figure out which team to assign someone to.
或者它可以帮助他们找出该指派何人到哪个团队中去。
But of course, this study also doesn't mean you have to be exactly like your boss to succeed at work.
当然，这项研究并不意味着你必须像你的老板一样才能在工作中取得成功。
Mainly, it just shows how understanding things like need for closure could help you out.
它主要是展示出对于结束感需要程度的理解，可以对你所有帮助。
And really, that applies to most traits.
事实上，这适用于大多数特质。
Whether you're looking to succeed at life or love, having an awareness of how you operate — in regards to closure, or anything else — can make things a bit less stressful.
无论你是想在生活中，还是爱情中获得成功，对自己的结束感需要程度或其他事物有一个清醒的认识，都能减少一些压力。
Thanks for watching this episode of SciShow Psych — and special thanks to all our patrons on Patreon for your help making it.
感谢收看本期《心理科学秀》节目，特别感谢Patreon上面的所有赞助人，感谢你们帮助制作本期节目。
Your support means a lot to us!
你们的支持对我们来说非常重要！
If you want to learn more about how to support free online psychology content, you can go to patreon.com/scishow.
想了解更多关于如何支持心理学免费在线视频内容的信息，可以访问patreon.com/scishow。
