评论
打印
The government didn’t agree to a full quarantine, because evidence suggested that typhus wasn’t a major threat in the area.
政府不同意实行全面隔离，因为有证据表明，斑疹伤寒并不是该地区面临的主要威胁。
But instead, they funded a new disinfection plant at the border in 1916.
然而，1916年，政府还是出资在边境建了一个新的消毒厂。
In this facility — every immigrant considered a “second class citizen” had to strip naked.
在这里，每一个被视为“二等公民”的移民都必须脱光。
Their clothes were sent to a large steam dryer, and then fumigated with toxic pesticides inside “the gas room”.
他们的衣服则会被送到一个大型蒸汽烘干机里烘干，之后还要送到“气室”里用有毒农药进行熏蒸。
An inspector would check each person’s body, including private parts, for lice.
检查员会检查每个人的身上是否有虱子，私处也不例外。
If they found lice, immigrants would have to shave their head and body hair, and bathe in a mix of kerosene and vinegar.
如果发现有虱子，移民就必须剃光他们的头和体毛，还要在煤油和醋的混合液中洗澡。
Some even had their eyelids checked for things like pink eye.
有些人甚至眼睑都被检查过，看有没有红眼病。
And many had to complete puzzles or simple IQ tests — to prove that they were fit for entry.
许多人还要完成拼图或简单的智商测试，证明他们是合适的入境人选。
After this process, they’d receive a ticket, as proof that they were disinfected.
检查完之后，他们会收到一张票，作为已经消毒的证明。
But they would need to go through this every eight days in order to reenter the US.
但要再次进入美国的话，他们每隔8天就要进行一次这样的检查。
"So many people didn't speak about it.
“很多人对这件事都是只字未提。
They didn't talk about this humiliating process.
他们没有谈论过这个屈辱的流程。
Like they kind of internalized it.
可以说，他们是把它内化了。
It's that psychology of shame.
是羞耻心理在作祟。
The toxic baths and dehumanizing inspections at the border set the stage for a revolt led by the 17yearold maid from Juarez who defied the order to bathe.
边境上的这些毒浴和不人道的检查措施为拒绝服从洗澡命令的17岁华瑞兹女佣领导反抗活动埋下了种子。
"Carmelita Torres was, I’ve compared to the Rosa Parks of the border.
“卡梅丽塔·托雷斯，我把她比作边境上的罗莎·帕克斯。
In the morning of January 28th, 1917.
1917年1月28日早晨。
There's this electric trolley full of mostly women that are crossing every day.
那辆每天都会穿行在这条边境线两岸的电车上载满了女性。
She convinces the majority, if not all the women in that trolley, to just say no. And to refuse.
她说服了车上的大多数女性，即便没有说服所有女性，对洗澡命令说不，说服了大家拒绝洗澡。
And they start a spontaneous protest."
他们发起了自发的抗议。”
There are accounts that in addition to the humiliating delousing procedures — for women, there was also sexual humiliation.
有记载显示，除了羞辱性的灭虱程序，对女性来说，还有性羞辱。
"There were rumors that you know when they entered the plant and then they were told to strip,
“有传言说，她们进入消毒厂以后，被告知要脱光衣服，
the officers were taking their photos and then posting them in bars.
官员们拍了她们的照片还贴到了酒吧里。
So I can't even imagine the kind of feeling, like the feelings of violation and the feelings of, you know, outrage."
我甚至无法想象那种感觉，那种被侵犯的感觉，愤怒的感觉。”
"She was called an instigator, a ringleader, you know,
“他们说她是煽动者，是首恶。
but she was just a young woman that was just sick of the injustice, of the humiliation that other women had gone through."
但她不过是一个对其他女人所经历的不公和羞辱感到厌倦的女孩儿而已。”
What started with just 200 protesters that morning, slowly grew to a crowd of 2,000.
那天早上的抗议原本只有200人参加，后来逐渐发展到了2000人。
Reporters said "the scene reminded one of bees swarming"…
记者说，“这一幕让人想起成群结队的蜜蜂”……
"the hands of the feminine mob would claw at the tops of the passing cars."
“女暴徒们试图抓住过往车辆的车顶。”
When the American officers tried to disperse the crowd, they were met with bottles, rocks and insults.
美方的边境官员试图驱散人群，却遭到了瓶子、石块的袭击以及侮辱。
Protesters even laid down on the tracks in front of the trolley cars to create a blockade.
甚至有抗议者在电车轨道上卧轨，试图封锁交通。
They were joined by men — in what’s called the "Bath Riots" — and they shut down this border for two days.
后来，男性也加入了她们的抗议队伍，发起了所谓的“洗澡暴动”，因为他们的努力，边境被迫关闭了两天。
"And then all you hear is that, the ringleaders are arrested and a few of the men are publicly executed."
“接着，就有了头目被逮捕了，还有一些男人被公开处决的消息。”
As for Carmelita Torres...
至于卡梅丽塔·托雷斯……
"It appears like she was thrown in prison.
“她好像是被关进了监狱。
And as historians we don't know what happened to her afterwards.
作为历史学家，我们也不知道她后来怎么样了。
We've lost every trace."
我们完全没了线索。”
The fumigations didn’t stop after the riots.
暴乱之后，消毒并没有停止。
In 1917 alone, over 100,000 Mexicans were deloused at the border.
就1917年一年，就有超过10万名墨西哥人在边境接受灭虱检查。
That same year, an Immigration Law made border procedures even more rigid.
同年，新的移民法使得过境程序变得更加严格。
Immigrants at all points of entry needed to have a passport, take a literacy test, and many would pay an eight dollar head tax.
所有入境点的移民都需要持有护照，参加读写测试，很多甚至还要缴纳8美元的人头税。
And later that year, the US Public Health Service laid down instructions for border agents about who should be kept out of the country.
同年晚些时候，美国公共卫生署向边境工作人员下达了哪些人不应入境的指示。
"'Imbeciles, idiots, feeble-minded persons, physical defectives, persons afflicted with loathsome or dangerous contagious diseases.'"
“‘低能者、白痴、弱智、存在身体缺陷者、患有令人厌恶的疾病者以及患有危险性传染病者。’”
The discriminatory policies at the border resembled horrific events elsewhere in the world.
边境上的歧视性政策和发生在世界其他地方的恐怖事件颇有些类似之处。
In fact, while researching this — David stumbled upon a detail:
事实上，研究之下，大卫偶然地发现了一个细节：
The fumigation of Mexican immigrants wasn’t just reminiscent of Nazi Germany — it was directly linked to it.
针对墨西哥移民的消毒政策不止会让人想到纳粹德国，二者其实存在直接的联系。
"It's not so much that that The United States was copying Nazi Germany.
“并不是美国在模仿纳粹德国的做法。
It's the opposite.
事实恰好相反。
Nazi Germany was copying the United States."
是纳粹德国在模仿美国的做法。”
He found that in 1929, the US started using Zyklon B, an extremely poisonous acid gas, to fumigate clothing at the border.
大卫发现，1929年，美国开始在边境上使用一种名为“齐克隆B”的剧毒酸性气体给衣物消毒。
And In 1937, in a German pest science journal, a scientist called for the use of Zyklon B in Nazi disinfection chambers.
1937年，德国的一本害虫科学杂志上，一位科学家呼吁在纳粹的消毒室里使用齐克隆B这种气体。
He included two photos of El Paso’s delousing chambers, as an example of how effective Zyklon B had been at the US border to kill unwanted pests.
他还附上了埃尔帕索灭虱室的两张照片，以证明齐克隆B在美国边境消灭害虫的效率有多高。
The same scientist pushed to use it to disinfect concentration camps.
这位科学家呼吁用它给纳粹的集中营消毒。
And eventually, it was used in concentrated doses to murder millions of people.
最终，纳粹用浓缩的齐克隆B谋害了数百万人的性命。
"People, rightly so, say you can't compare what happened in Nazi Germany with other parts of the world.
“诚然，人们会说，不能拿发生在世界其他地方的事和发生在纳粹德国的事相比较。
And that's true.
他们说的也没错。
I mean and in terms of Zyklon B, it was used on the border not to intentionally kill Mexican border crossings.
我的意思是，就齐克隆B而言，墨西哥边境过境点的工作人员用它并不是用它来杀人的。
But the history of something like the Holocaust doesn't take place in a vacuum."
问题是，大屠杀这样的历史并不是凭空发生的。”
