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When people say, “that's not a color found in nature!” they're always talking about neon green or hot pink,
当人们说：“这不是自然界的颜色！”的时候，他们一般都指的是霓虹绿或亮粉色，
but you know what they SHOULD be talking about? Blue!
但你知道他们应该指哪种颜色吗？蓝色！
Everybody out there, this is Trace, come at you from Dnews. Thanks for tuning in.
小伙伴们大家好，我是Dnews频道的Trace，欢迎大家收看我们的节目。
Blue is a tough color.
蓝色是一种很迷惑人的颜色。
Yeah, the sky appears blue and water APPEAR blue (even though they're actually not).
没错，天空看起来是蓝色的，水看起来也是蓝色的(即便它们真正的颜色并不是蓝色)。
Though some birds, plants, and butterflies display the color blue,
虽然一些鸟类、植物和蝴蝶的确带有蓝色，
it's actually a super rare color in nature because it's REALLY difficult for nature to create blue,
蓝色依然是自然界非常罕见的一种颜色，因为自然界很难创造出这种颜色，
which is weird because half of the world names blue their favorite color.
这就很奇怪了，因为世界上有一半的人都认为蓝色是他们最喜欢的颜色。
ComicCon is coming up, and in honor of my anime and cosplay-loving friends heading down there, sorry we don't have blue hair…
漫展马上就要到了，我那些热爱动漫和角色扮演的朋友们，我得跟你们说声抱歉，我们没有蓝色的头发……
The eye evolved 600 million years ago.
眼睛是6亿年前进化而来的。
Before that, the organisms on earth KNEW there was a sun because they could feel its energy.
在那之前，地球上的生物也知道有太阳这么个东西，因为它们能感觉到太阳的能量。
But they didn't really know what color it was.
但他们并不知道太阳的颜色。
Eventually, a predator likely evolved a better way to perceive some that energy and catch prey!
后来可能某种掠食者进化出了更好地感知这一能量，并用其来捕捉猎物的方式！
That was the first eyeball, and it was a huge change in evolution, suddenly, color was incredibly important for survival.
这就是第一个眼球的来历，而这一进化堪称进化里程中的一次巨变，因为一夜之间，颜色对生存有了至关重要的作用。
This new predator kicked off a multi-million-year race to evolve colors to indicate danger,
这一新的掠食者也开始了一场数百万年的种族进化，进化出了用颜色来表示危险、
to camouflage, or for sex-differentiation to hide the breeding females!
用来伪装或用来隐藏正在繁殖的雌性的身份的性别伪装！
Color in the animal kingdom comes from a variety of evolutionary tools.
动物王国里的颜色源自于各种各样的进化。
Yellows, oranges, and reds come from carotenoids in our diet.
黄色、橙色和红色来自于我们饮食中的类胡萝卜素。
Cardinals' red comes from insects and berries that it eats,
红雀的红来自被其吃掉的昆虫和浆果，
and flamingos absorb carotenoids from algae and tiny animals to become pink (without it, they're just white).
火烈鸟吸收了藻类和小动物体内的类胡萝卜素所以成了粉红色(除去这一颜色，它们就只剩白色了)。
And when we eat red, yellow and orange foods, animals can use those pigments to create color,
我们吃掉红色、黄色或橙色的食物，动物们却会利用这些色素来创造颜色，
but if you fed flamingos blueberries, it wouldn't turn them blue… blue isn't as easy to suck up…
但即便你喂火烈鸟吃蓝莓，它们也不会变成蓝色……蓝色还真不是那么容易吸收的呢……
So, instead of using pigments, animals evolved physical structures to reflect light in just the right way.
于是，动物们没有采用色素吸收这一途径来创造蓝色，而是进化出了以恰到好处的方式反射光线的生理结构。
By analyzing hundreds of birds, scientists at the Argonne National Laboratory found keratin inside of the cells of the feathers.
通过对数百只鸟类的分析，阿贡国家实验室的科学家在它们的细胞中发现了角蛋白。
Keratin is the same stuff that makes up hooves, hair, horns, fingernails, et cetera.
角蛋白也是蹄、毛、角、指甲等的结构性物质。
As the cell grows, the keratin molecules INSIDE the cells separate from the water in the cell,
随着细胞的生长，细胞内的角蛋白分子就会与细胞内的水分子分离，
and once the feather is mature and the cells die, the water evaporates, leaving this keratin structure --
羽毛成长成熟后，这些角蛋白细胞就会死亡，水分也会蒸发，留下这个角蛋白结构——
which refracts light at JUUUST the right angles to cancel out the yellow and red wavelengths,leaving only BLUE!
使其能够以恰到好处的角度折射光线，抵消黄色和红色的波长，只反射蓝色的光波！
This is called structural color, as opposed to pigmented color.
这种颜色我们称之为“结构色”，与其想对应的是“着色色”。
Our skin can use pigmentation to make combinations of browns, reds, and yellows, but not blues… or greens, actually.
我们的皮肤可以通过着色来合成棕色、红色和黄色，但合成不了蓝色……事实上，绿色也不能。
Snakes and frogs aren't actually green, they are instead a combination of colors.
举个例子，蛇和青蛙实际上都不是绿色的，它们的绿色是合成来的。
They want to hide by sitting in trees or on lilypads… so they needed to evolve green! But that's difficult.
它们想要躲在树上或睡莲上……所以，它们需要进化成绿色！问题是，这很难实现啊。
Since they can't make blue pigment and green pigment,
因为它们制造不出蓝色和绿色的色素，
they evolved YELLOW pigment to their skin, with a blue structural color to match, which then makes Green.
它们的皮肤便进化出了黄色，加上与之匹配的结构色蓝色!一合成，就成绿色啦！
When smooth greensnakes die, that yellow pigment fades, leaving just the structures which create blue…
滑溜溜的绿蛇死了之后，黄色的色素就会消失，只留下结构色蓝色……
Those structures are permanent, they don't go away.
这种结构色是永久性的，所以不会消失。
So, even though blue isn't a common color in nature, it can exist, it's just tough. It's why we don't have blue hair.
综上所述，蓝色并不是自然界的寻常色，但也并非完全不存在，只不过比较复杂而已。这就是我们为什么没有蓝头发的原因。
Somehow, thanks to a roll of evolutionary die, fungi, insects, plants and crustaceans have all evolved the ability to make blue,
由于进化导致的一系列死亡，真菌、昆虫、植物和甲壳类动物都以某种方式进化出了创造蓝色的方法，
but not us vertebrates, and though we don't know exactly why… at least we can fake it, right?
我们脊椎动物却没有，虽然不知道其中的确切原因，但至少我们可以染啊，对吧。
Have you ever had blue hair?
你染过蓝头发吗？
I had red hair that glowed in blacklight when I was in college. It was sick.
上大学的时候，我染过一头在黑暗里会闪闪发光的红头发。简直X炸了！
If you want to know more about color, check out this video on why dinosaurs might have been different colors than we thought.
想了解更多有关颜色的内容，就快来看这期有关恐龙的颜色或许跟我们想象的不一样的视频吧。
And make sure you subscribe for more Dnews.
记得订阅喔。
Let us know down in the comment below if you had weird hair colors in college too.
你上大学的时候染过颜色很奇怪的发型吗？快来评论里告诉我们吧。
Thanks for watching!
感谢大家的收看！
