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When you look at pictures of cute babies or adorable little puppies it can be hard to resist the urge to just oh just so darn cute.
当你看到可爱的婴儿或小狗的照片时，你很难抗拒那种感觉超可爱的冲动。
All the little noses and big eyes don't you just want French doors at door but cheeks and eat a mop.
那些小鼻头、大眼睛，你是不是难以控制住自己，想把拖把都吞掉啦。
That's a pretty common reaction but it's also really weird when you think about it.
这是一个很常见的反应，但当你想到它时，也会感到很奇怪。
It's not like you'd want to hurt a baby or puppy but for some reason you just want to squeeze it.
这不是你想伤害婴儿或小狗，但出于某种原因，你就是想使劲捏它。
Well, it turns out that weird urge probably has to do with the way we handle strong emotions.
事实证明，奇怪的冲动可能与我们处理强烈情绪的方式有关。
You see something with big wide set eyes a little nose and chin and a round face in other words like a baby face.
你看到长了双大眼睛、小鼻头、小下巴，还有张圆脸的东西，换句话说，就像一张娃娃脸。
You're nurturing instincts get triggered.
这会触发你的哺育本能。
Whether you're looking at a tiny human or another adorable animal.
不管你是在看一个小孩，还是一只可爱的动物。
In the 1940s konrad lorenz an austrian animal behavior researcher called this collection of facial characteristics conditioned Shima or baby schema.
20世纪40年代，奥地利的动物行为研究员康拉德·洛伦茨称这种面部特征的集合为“婴儿图式”。
But it applies to more than just babies we tend to find anything with these characteristics extra cute.
但它不仅适用于婴儿，我们往往发现任何具有这些特征的东西都特可爱。
Researchers have found that if you manipulate those traits like by making eyes bigger or smaller, that affects how strongly people react and how adorable they find something.
研究人员发现，如果通过放大或缩小眼睛来控制这些特征，会影响人们反应的强烈程度，以及他们认为那个东西的可爱程度。
They've also found that baby faces activate a bunch of different brain areas and circuits including areas that have to do with feeling rewarded.
他们还发现，婴儿的脸激活了一系列不同的脑区和回路，包括与感觉有关的区域。
So, at a deep level, we're motivated to care for things with baby like faces.
所以，在深层次上看，我们具有关心婴儿般面孔的动机。
Scoop things might even help you focus.
了解这些消息甚至可以帮你集中关注点。
A pair of small experiments from Japan in 2012 found that looking at pictures of cute baby animals as opposed to adult animals or food boosted people's performance on tasks, like finding specific numbers in a large display.
2012年，由日本研究员进行的两个小实验发现，与成年动物或食物相比，看可爱的小动物的图片可以提高人们完成任务的表现，比如在大屏幕上寻找特定的数字。
So there is some excuse for watching a bunch of cat videos when you're supposed to be studying.
所以，在你在学习时，看看一群猫咪的视频也没事。
It makes some sense that cuteness would be associated with reward and focus, because it's an evolutionary advantage to want to protect and nurture babies.
可爱与奖励和专注有关，这是有道理的。因为要保护和养育婴儿，是一种进化优势。
But the intense reaction to cuteness can also lead to something else, that urged to use what's called cute aggression when you want to pinch those chubby cheeks or squeeze adorable things even though you don't actually want to hurt them.
但是，对可爱的强烈反应也会导致其他的事情，可以称其为可爱性攻击。你想要捏圆嘟嘟的脸颊或可爱的东西，即使你并不想伤害它们。
Showing positive and negative emotional expressions at the same time isn't that uncommon.
同时表现出积极和消极的情绪表达并不罕见。
It's pretty normal to cry from happiness or laugh when you're angry.
当你生气时，因幸福而哭泣或大笑是非常正常的。
They're called dimorphic expressions and some people experience the off in another.
它们被称为双相情绪反应，有些人在一个情绪结束后体验到另一个。
Suit aggression is a dime orifice expression that involves mixing nurturing with playful squeezing pinching and maybe even biting.
讨好性攻击是一种十分明显的表达方式，它将养育与嬉戏式的挤捏、甚至加咬人融合在一起。
And then a paper published in 2015 and the journal Psychological Science researchers at Yale decided to explore what it is about cuteness that leads to that particular mix.
2015年发表的一篇论文中，耶鲁大学《心理科学》期刊的研究人员决定探索可爱是如何导致了这种特殊的融合。
They first asked 639 people to describe what their usual motional reactions were like, say if it was hard for them to hide their excitement or if they cried during the happiest parts of movies.
他们首先要求639人描述他们通常的情绪反应，比如说他们很难隐藏自己的兴奋，或者他们在电影演到最快乐的部分时哭泣。
Then participants rated how positive and negative they currently felt to establish a baseline mood level for each person.
然后，参与者评估他们目前的积极和消极感受，为每个人建立情绪基准水平。
Next they looked at photos of babies that were either unedited or had been enhanced to look more or less baby like by changing the size of their eyes their nose in their chin.
接下来，他们看一些婴儿的照片，这些照片要么是未经编辑，要么已经改变了眼睛的大小，或把鼻子放在下巴上，使其看起来更像或更不像婴儿。
They rated each photo based on how nurturing they felt while they were looking at it
他们根据自己在看照片时的感受给每张照片打分，
if they felt emotionally overwhelmed and whether they experienced any cute aggressive urges like what in the pinch the babies cheeks.
比如在看照片时，他们是否情绪失控，而且体验到了可爱性攻击冲动，想捏婴儿脸颊。
After looking at the pictures participants rated their mood again to measure how much it changed.
在看了这些照片后，参与者再次评估他们的情绪，以衡量变化程度。
Then they did a word search for five minutes just to pass the time before rating their mood once more.
然后，他们用五分钟做词语搜索，只为消磨时间。然后再给自己的情绪打分。
The researchers found that the more baby like photos were rated more positively just like in other studies on baby schema,
研究人员发现，像其他关于婴儿图式的研究一样，照片中的形象更像婴儿时，会获得更积极地评价，
but they also found that the cuter babies were more likely to make people feel emotionally overwhelmed and to report cute aggressive urges like wanting to squeeze the baby.
但他们也发现，更可爱的婴儿更容易让人感到情绪上不知所措，并报告会出现可爱性攻击冲动，如想捏挤婴儿。
The thing is it was usually only if people felt overwhelmed that they also felt cute aggression.
问题是，通常只有当人们感到不知所措时，才会体会到可爱性攻击。
Cute aggression was also related to how often people reported dimorphism Ocean expressions in general.
可爱性攻击也与人们经常报告的双型情绪海洋有关。
For example if somebody said that they tended to cry from happiness they were more likely to report feeling like they wanted to squeeze or pinch the babies or that they wanted to eat them all up.
例如，如果有人说他们往往因为幸福而哭泣，他们就更可能想要捏挤婴儿，或者他们想把婴儿一口吞下去。
They also found something surprising at the end of the study people who reported feeling cute aggressive urges were closer to their initial mood.
研究结束时还发现了一些令人惊讶的发现，那些感觉到可爱性攻击冲动的人更接近他们最初的情绪。
In other words the cute aggression seemed to help them cope with the overwhelming positive emotions and get back to normal.
换句话说，可爱性攻击似乎有助于他们应付强烈的积极情绪，并且能够使他们恢复正常。
Now we'll need more studies before we know exactly what's up with cute aggression
需要进行更多的研究，才能确定可爱性攻击行为是怎么回事。
but researchers think that these mixed expressions might be one way people manage strong emotions in this case positive emotions.
但是，研究人员认为，这些混合的情感表达可能是人们管理强烈情绪的一种方式，我们目前说的是积极情绪。
It's harder to be a good caregiver if you are overwhelmed by the cuteness in front of you.
如果你感受到的可爱感觉，让你无法应对，你就很难成为一个好的看护者。
So gently pinching a baby's cheeks or at least feeling the urge to might actually be helpful it gives you somewhere to channel the emotion.
所以，轻轻捏一下婴儿的脸颊，或者至少感觉到这种冲动，可能有助于让你把这种情绪传递到别处。
So the next time you find yourself uncontrollably smiling at a video of cute kittens and you feel like you want to eat them all up.
所以，下次当你发现自己观看猫仔可爱的视频，无法控制地笑出来时，你会感觉自己想把它们全吃掉。
That's probably just your brain trying to keep you from being totally overwhelmed by the adorableness
这可能只是你的大脑试图阻止你完全被可爱感所征服。
so just imagine huh and you'll yeah it'll help you cope just not eating it is putting in your mouth.
想象一下，它能帮助你应付那种想把它放到嘴里吃下去的冲动。
Wow, thanks for that visual Hank.
谢谢汉克做的视觉效果。
Honestly though it's kind of nice to know that strong emotions can be helpful because other times feeling things can be really inconvenient.
老实说，知道强烈的情绪可能对我们有益是件好事，因为其他时候感受到事情并不是很容易。
Sometimes it just makes you want to bottle up all your feelings and then throw that bottle off a cliff where you never have to deal with it again.
有时，它只会让你想把所有的感觉都装在瓶子里，然后把瓶子扔下悬崖，这样你再也不用处理它了。
Except while that would be convenient and all it probably wouldn't be good for you.
但这么做并不容易，而且不一定对你有好处。
Here's the research.
这是具体的研究。
Everyone feels things and sometimes those emotions are so strong that you just want to laugh or cry or scream.
每个人都会感受到一些事情，有时候这些情绪非常强烈，让你只想大笑、哭泣或尖叫。
But then you think better of it right well as cheesy and new-agey as it might sound it's often healthy to just let those feelings out.
但是，你最好还是把它想得好点，因为让这些感觉出来通常是健康的。
There's evidence that expressing your emotions and connecting with the emotions of others is good for you, both physically and mentally.
有证据表明，表达情绪并与他人的情绪联结，对你的身体和精神都有好处。
Modeling your feelings up might seem like a good idea at the time, but studies suggest that's not a healthy way to deal with emotions.
此时，给你的感觉建模是个不错的主意。但是研究表明，这不是一个处理情绪的健康方法。
For example in a study of 111 people in 2013 researchers found a small positive correlation between a person's score on an emotional suppression scale and their mortality risk.
例如，在2013年对111人进行的一项研究中，研究人员发现，一个人在情绪抑制量表上的得分与其死亡率风险之间存在微小的正相关。
Basically how likely they were to die for any reason it's not clear exactly how suppressing emotion might lead to your death.
从根本上说，他们有可能死于任何原因，目前还不清楚压抑情绪如何导致死亡。
But it could be that it makes you more likely to choose unhealthy outlets for your feelings like smoking.
但这可能使你选择不健康的发泄方式表达情绪，比如吸烟。
And other research has linked how you handle angry and hurt feelings to aggressive behavior, which is also generally not great for your overall well-being.
其他研究也将如何处理愤怒和伤害性情绪，与攻击性行为联系起来，这通常对你的总体健康也不好。
Aggressive and angry people are more likely to suffer from coronary heart disease and are at higher risk of heart attacks for example.
例如，好斗和愤怒的人更容易患冠心病，心脏病发作的风险也更高。
On top of that aggression is linked to higher rates of anxiety and depression.
最重要的是，攻击性与更高的焦虑和抑郁有关。
And while it might seem obvious that people who aren't great at controlling their anger are more likely to experience aggressive outburst.
很明显，那些不擅长控制自己的愤怒的人更容易体验到攻击性的爆发。
It turns out that folks who try to suppress their angry feelings too much can also end up being more aggressive.
事实证明，过分压抑自己愤怒情绪的人，最终也会变得更加咄咄逼人。
Researchers think this might be because suppressing your negative feelings makes you feel worse in the long run,
研究人员认为，这可能是因为抑制负面情绪会让你长期感到更糟糕，
which in turn makes it harder for you to make good decisions and pushes away the people who care about you.
反过来又会使你更难做出正确的决定，把关心你的人远远推开。
And other studies have connected emotional expression or lack thereof to all sorts of things that can influence your health and relationships, like anxiety and stress or risk-taking.
其他研究也将情感表达或缺乏情感表达，与影响健康和人际关系的各种事物联系起来，比如焦虑、压力或冒险。
And it's not just about how often you're laughing or crying, appropriate emotional expression is also about perceiving the emotions of other people.
不仅是你笑或哭的次数，适当的情绪表达也包括感知他人的情绪。
This is sort of summarized by a psychological concept called emotional intelligence.
这是对一个叫做情绪智商的心理概念的概括。
Person's emotional intelligence includes their ability to interpret and control their own emotions as well as recognizing and understanding the emotions of others.
人的情商包括他们解释和控制自己情绪的能力，以及识别和理解他人情绪的能力。
It isn't just a psychological concept researchers are actually trying to study the underlying neuroscience as well.
这不仅是一个心理学概念，研究人员实际上也在努力研究其潜在的神经科学。
So far emotional intelligence has been connected to activity in the brain areas involved in the circuits that process emotions,
目前已经知道的是，情商与大脑中参与情绪处理的回路活动相关，
like the amygdala prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex.
比如杏仁核前额叶皮质和扣带回前皮质。
And while emotional intelligence has become kind of buzz in the business world these days.
情商目前在商业领域已经成为热门话题。
Unlike many fad terms there's actually some good science behind it. Higher scores on measures of emotional intelligence are linked to better mental and physical health.
与许多流行术语不同的是，它背后有精良的科学依据。情商得分高与更好的心理和身体健康相关。
And your emotional intelligence can dramatically affect your communication with others whether they be friends family or even business partners.
情商会极大地影响你与他人，如朋友、家人，甚至是商业伙伴的交流。
That's because emotions provide important data in context that influence your interactions with other people.
这是因为情绪为影响你与他人互动的情境提供了重要的数据。
Says psychologist David Caruso he told scishow that emotional intelligence is an ability.
心理学家大卫·卡鲁索告诉心理科学秀节目，情商是一种能力。
