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But in this community, the election of Donald Trump also factors—and not only as a target of student protests.
但在华盛顿区，特朗普的当选也起了一定的作用——不仅仅是作为学生抗议的目标。
The President, who exit polls showed carried only 8% of the African-American vote in 2016,
这位总统——投票后的民调显示，2016年时他在非裔选民中间的支持率仅为8%——
famously hosted a Oval Office photo op with the leaders of HBCUs,
在他的办公室举办了一场著名的与HBCUs领导人合影的合影活动，
which rely on federal funding for a significant portion of their budgets.
而这次活动的预算很大程度上依靠的都是联邦资金。
And with both houses of Congress being controlled by Republicans,
由于国会两院都在共和党的控制之下，
administrators and supporters have been obliged to balance the energy of resurgent student activism
这些院校的管理层和支持者便有义务平衡复兴的学生运动的活力
with the continuing practical needs of an educational institution.
和教育机构持续的现实需求。
"It is a dual-edged sword," says Crystal de Gregory,
“这是一把双刃剑，”肯塔基州立大学
director of Kentucky State University's Atwood Institute for Race, Education and the Democratic Ideal.
阿特伍德种族、教育和民主理想研究所所长克里斯特尔·德·格雷戈里说道。
STARTED AFTER THE Civil War in the basements of churches, old schoolhouses and cabins,
这些传统黑人院校始建于内战结束后，一开始是在教堂的地下室，旧校舍或者小木屋办学，
HBCUs were the first institutions dedicated to the education of former slaves and free black people.
但它们是最早致力于教育前奴隶和自由黑人的机构。
From their modest beginnings, they have produced alumni who transformed America, from W.E.B. Du Bois to Thur good Marshall.
最初默默无闻的他们逐渐培养出了W.E.B.杜波依斯，图尔·古德·马歇尔那样一代又一代改变了美国命运的校友。
In the early 1960s, HBCU students played a pivotal role in the civil rights movement.
上世纪60年代初，HBCU的学生们还在当时的民权运动中发挥了中流砥柱的作用。
The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, which fought segregation,
反抗种族隔离的学生非暴力协调委员会，
was formed after a conference of 300 students at North Carolina's Shaw University.
就是在北卡罗莱纳州肖大学的300名学生举行了一次大会后成立的。
Four students at North Carolina A&T State University in Greensboro launched the sit-in movement at a nearby lunch counter.
格林斯博罗的北卡罗来纳农工州立大学的四名学生在附近的一个便餐馆发起了静坐运动。
Congressman John Lewis, then a student at Fisk University in Tennessee,
现任国会议员约翰·刘易斯当时还是田纳西州菲斯克大学的一名学生，
was one of the original 1961 Freedom Riders, who galvanized civil rights protests across the nation.
就已经加入了1961年最早的一批“自由乘车者”组织，该组织后来发起了一场全国性的民权抗议运动。
But as major universities desegregated, competition for students grew, leading to declining enrollment at HBCUs.
然而，随着各大高校陆续取消了种族隔离制度，高校之间对学生的竞争便愈来愈激烈，以致于HBCUs院校的招生人数不断下降。
This posed a challenge for the schools, which rely disproportionately on tuition for their operations.
由于这些学校的运作严重依赖于学生的学费，招生人数的下降便给它们带来了一个不小的难题。
Small endowments, drops in philanthropy and low investment also exacerbated financial woes.
收到的捐赠金额有限、慈善事业的下滑和投资的减少也加剧了这些院校的经济危机。
Because HBCUs are reliant on federal funding, small changes in Washington can hurt on campus.
由于HBCUs还依赖着联邦的资助，华盛顿稍有风吹草动，这些学校就可能要承受巨大的损失。
In 2011, the Obama Administration altered the credit underwriting requirements for Parent PLUS college loans,
比如，2011年，奥巴马政府变更了对父母贷款的信贷担保要求，
making it harder for many families to qualify.
以致于许多家庭都更难贷到款了。
Black institutions were hit particularly hard—overall, HBCUs lost an estimated $150 million by 2013, before the policy was reversed.
黑人院校因此受到的打击尤其严重——据估算，2013年政策逆转之前，HBCUs整体亏损高达1.5亿美元左右。
Those challenges have not stopped students from seeking out black college experiences.
然而，这些挑战并没有阻止学生们继续追随黑人大学。
In the wake of highly publicized anti-discrimination protests at the University of Missouri in 2015, applications spiked at many HBCUs,
据迪拉德大学校长Walter Kimbrough透露，2015年，密苏里大学爆发了声势浩大的反歧视抗议运动，
according to Dillard University president Walter Kimbrough.
之后，许多HBCUs院校的申请人数都出现了激增。
译文由可可原创，仅供学习交流使用，未经许可请勿转载。
