Following terror attacks in France and the US, presidential hopeful Donald Trump called for Muslims to be barred from entering the United States. This form of controversial rhetoric has been a consistent theme during the Trump campaign. Some, including Jeb Bush's national security advisor, are suggesting that his political ideology resembles fascism. So, we wanted to know, is Donald Trump actually a fascist?
在法国和美国发生恐怖袭击之后，总统候选人唐纳德·特朗普呼吁禁止穆斯林进入美国。在特朗普竞选期间，这种有争议的言论是一个永恒的主题。国家安全顾问杰布·布什等人暗示他的政治意识形态类似于法西斯主义。那么，我们想知道，唐纳德·特朗普真的是法西斯主义者吗？
Well, the problem with identifying a fascist is that the label is applied to a huge number of differing political theories. It was actually Italy's Benito Mussolini who's considered the founder of fascism. In a nutshell, the ideology is based on strengthening a country through extreme nationalism, a powerful leader, and the exclusion of "weaker" groups.
那么，识别法西斯主义者的问题在于该标签适用于大量不同的政治理论。法西斯的创始人其实是意大利的贝尼托·墨索里尼。简而言之，其意识形态的基础是通过极端民族主义、强大的领导者以及排斥“弱势”群体来使国家强大。
An essay by Italian philosopher, Umberto Eco, distinguishes fourteen characteristics which are found in fascism, and which have been the subject of accusations against Donald Trump. Eco says that fascism relies on a cult of tradition, while rejecting modernism. In many ways, new ideas are seen as the beginning of modern depravity; that with a breakdown in moral and traditional order comes chaos.
意大利哲学家安伯托·艾柯的一篇文章区分了法西斯中的十四个特征，这些特征也一直是指控唐纳德·特朗普的主题。艾柯说，法西斯主义依赖于对传统的崇拜，同时拒绝接受现代主义。在许多方面，新观念被视为现代堕落的开端；它伴随着道德和传统秩序的崩溃、混乱。
It's then unsurprising that even Trump's slogan, "Make America Great Again" plays in line with traditionalism. And his fear of things like the internet speaks to the fascist fear of modern depravity.
那么，即便是特朗普的口号“让美国再次强大”与传统主义一致，也就不足为奇了。他对互联网等事物的恐惧也呼应了法西斯对现代堕落的恐惧。
Another hallmark of fascism is anti-intellectualism. In this way, knowledgeable criticism is not only ignored, but ridiculed. Trump says that he is "very smart", but he has also suggested that knowing things doesn't make you a good leader.
法西斯主义的另一个标志是反智主义。通过这种方式，知识渊博的批评不仅被忽视，甚至还被嘲笑。特朗普说他“非常聪明”，但他也认为，知道很多东西并不能让你成为一个好的领导者。
Further characteristics are based on the idea that dissent and diversity are bad, and they weaken discourse and society. Almost by definition, Eco says that fascism is racist, or at the very least "anti-diversity".
法西斯更进一步的特点，是认为有不同意见和具有多样性是不好的，它们削弱了话语和社会。几乎顾名思义，艾柯说，法西斯主义是种族主义者，或至少是“反多样性”。
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