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When you're dreaming, things normally don't feel all that tangible.
你在做梦的时候，事情通常感觉不那么真实。
Like, you can pick up your phone or a trophy or a puppy-sized elephant, and it won't feel as solid as those things would in the real world.
比如，你可以拿起手机、奖杯或小狗大小的大象，它们不会像现实世界那样具有实体。
But then, when you wake up and grab your phone to turn off the alarm, everything goes back to normal.
但当你醒来拿着手机关掉闹钟时，一切又都恢复正常了。
There's nothing to suggest your phone isn't real, or that the hands you use to touch it don't belong to you.
没有任何迹象表明手机不是真的，或者你用来触摸它的手不属于你。
That is... usually.
那是在...通常的情况下。
Sometimes, even when we're awake, our brains decide it might be in our best interest for our environment, or even our bodies, to just… not feel real for a while.
有时，即使我们醒着，大脑也会认为可以暂时性地脱离真实感，而让环境或我们的身体受益最多。
And this isn't a rare thing, either. It's actually a super common experience.
这也不是什么稀罕事，这实际上是一种超常见的体验。
But when it sticks around for longer than it should, it can merit its own diagnosis.
但当这种状态停留的时间过长时，就需要诊断一下了。
This condition is called depersonalization-derealization disorder, and it's sometimes abbreviated as DDD.
这种疾病称为去人格化—现实失调症，有时缩写为DDD。
According to the DSM-5, which psychologists use to diagnose disorders, the name of this condition is pretty descriptive.
根据心理学家用来诊断疾病的DSM-5手册，这种疾病的名称非常具有描述性。
DDD is defined by persistent or frequent episodes of depersonalization and/or derealization.
DDD的定义是经历持续或频繁的人格解体和/或现实失调。
Depersonalization is the feeling that your body, thoughts, sensations, or actions aren't your own, or aren't even real — even though you logically know they are.
去人格化是觉得身体、思想、感觉或行为不属于自己，甚至不是真实的，即使你知道从逻辑上来讲它们是真实的。
Derealization is a similar feeling, but it's about your surroundings and the things in them.
现实失调是一种类似的感觉，但它与你周围的环境和环境中的事物有关。
Some people say that experiencing these things is like having a glass wall between themselves and the world.
有人说，经历这些事情就像在自己和世界之间有一面玻璃墙。
For others, everything might feel far away and dream-like, or it might feel like their head is stuffed with cotton.
对其他人来说，一切都可能感觉遥远而充满梦幻感，或者感觉脑袋里塞满了棉花。
Regardless of what they feel like, though, these symptoms aren't actually uncommon.
无论他们感觉如何，这些症状实际上并不罕见。
Experiences of depersonalization or derealization are thought to be the third most common mental health symptom after anxiety and low mood, and they occur equally in men and women.
去人格化或现实失调的经历被认为是排在焦虑和情绪低落后的第三种常见的心理健康症状，男性和女性都会出现。
But when these experiences don't go away, that's where DDD comes in.
但当这些体验不消去的时候，DDD就出现了。
And that is much rarer: It's estimated to occur in only around 1-2% of people.
这种情况非常罕见：据估计，只有大约1-2%的人患有此病。
Unfortunately, the factors that lead to its development and trigger the symptoms are still fairly unknown.
不幸的是，目前尚不清楚导致其病情进展和引发症状的因素。
It's often associated with cannabis usage, but there are plenty of purely psychological causes, too.
它通常与使用大麻有关，但也有许多病例是纯粹的心理原因所致。
For example, some research has suggested that childhood trauma could play a role in developing DDD later in life, especially when that trauma involves emotional mistreatment.
例如，一些研究表明，儿童创伤可能对以后生活中发展成DDD发挥着作用，特别是当这种创伤涉及情感虐待时。
Anecdotally, many people have also reported that their symptoms are related to periods of extreme stress or anxiety.
有趣的是，许多人也报告说，他们的症状与极度紧张或焦虑的时期有关。
That's led some scientists to believe that depersonalization and derealization are mechanisms the brain uses to protect the mind from potential threats.
这使一些科学家认为，去人格化或现实失调是大脑用来保护其免受潜在威胁的机制。
But even if they can't say what specifically triggers these episodes, they are recognizing some general patterns.
但即使他们不能说出引发这些体验的具体原因，他们也认识到了一些普遍的模式。
Research from 2018 in the journal Consciousness and Cognition found that certain types of triggers were more likely to induce either depersonalization or derealization.
《意识与认知》期刊2018年的一项研究发现，某些类型的触发因素更可能导致去人格化或现实失调。
In the study, they tested 73 participants who were prone to one of these things, trying to find out if their symptoms would kick in in response to different kinds of threats.
在这项研究中，他们测试了73名易患上述疾病的参与者，试图找出不同类型的威胁是否会使他们出现某些症状。
To do this, they performed something called the Implied Body-Threat Illusion task, which was a simulated blood-test procedure.
为了做到这一点，他们执行了一项叫做“暗示身体威胁错觉”的任务，这是一个模拟的验血程序。
In it, the researchers don't actually draw blood, but they used fake needles and special effect blood to make it look like they did.
试验中，研究人员并没有真的抽取血液，但他们使用假针头和特效血液，看起来像在抽血一样。
Everything was pretty realistic, because the point was to see how participants responded physiologically to threats.
所有事情都很真实，因为试验重点是查看参与者应对威胁所产生的生理反应。
First, participants had this procedure done to them alone.
首先，参与者单独应对这个模拟的抽血情境。
Then, they witnessed it being performed on a person sitting next to them.
然后，他们会目睹坐在旁边的一个人经历这个试验过程。
The whole time, the researchers were measuring their temperature and how their skin conducted electricity, also called skin conductance.
在试验中，研究人员一直测量他们的体温，以及他们的皮肤导电性，也被称为皮肤电传导。
That might sound like a weird thing to test, but it's partly because being threatened makes us sweat, and water is a good conductor.
这听起来可能是一个奇怪的测试，这样做的部分原因是人们在受到威胁时会出汗，水是一种很好的导体。
When the scientists looked at the data, they found that those predisposed to depersonalization showed normal skin conductance when someone else got a blood test, but decreased conductance when someone was about to perform a test on them.
当科学家们查看这些数据时，他们发现那些容易出现去人格化状况的人在其他人做血液测试时显示出正常的皮肤电传导，但在有人要对他们进行这项测试时，皮肤电传导却降低了。
That likely means that their brains were making everything seem farther away and less real — and their dampened physiological response showed it.
这很可能意味着他们的大脑让一切事物看起来越来越遥远，越来越不真实——而他们被抑制的生理反应表明了这一点。
On the flip side, in those prone to derealization, their threat response was only dampened when they saw someone else experience the blood test.
另一方面，对于那些容易出现现实失调状况的人来说，他们的威胁反应只有在看到其他人经历血液测试时才会减弱
Even though the threat wasn't aimed at them, it still existed, so it could have had psychological consequences.
尽管威胁不是针对他们，但仍然存在，因此可能会产生心理后果。
And to shield them from that fallout, their brains chose to make their environment seem less real.
为了保护他们不受到影响，大脑选择了让环境看起来不那么真实。
These findings support what's known as the threshold model for these experiences.
这些发现支持有关这些体验的阈值模型。
It suggests that when we detect a threat, the regions in our brain responsible for emotional processing — called the frontolimbic regions — may suppress our stress response to it.
这表明，我们在检测到威胁时，大脑中负责情绪处理的区域（称为额叶肌区域）可能会抑制我们对威胁做出的压力反应。
As a result, the stress is more dull, and easier to handle.
结果，压力被减轻了，也更容易应对。
And in those that are prone to depersonalization and derealization, the threshold for this response is thought to be way lower.
在那些容易出现去人格化和现实失调状况的人中，这种反应的阈值要低得多。
So their brains might think things like talking to a cashier are enough of a threat to cause those numb and unreal sensations.
他们的大脑可能会认为，和收银员说话这样的事情就足以威胁到他们，使他们产生麻木和不真实的感觉。
Sometimes, these symptoms can be managed with psychotherapy.
有时，这些症状可以通过心理治疗来解决。
But in many cases, the usual treatments aren't actually effective, so scientists have been looking into other techniques.
但在许多情况下，通常性的治疗实际上并没有效果，因此科学家们一直在研究其他技术。
One promising method is called repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation, or rTMS, and it uses powerful magnets to disrupt the electrical activity of small brain areas.
一种有望成功的方法被称为反复经颅磁刺激（rTMS），它使用强大的磁铁来破坏小脑区域的电活动。
Specifically, using rTMS on a brain region called the right temporoparietal junction seems to help symptoms — at least, it did in a small study of 12 DDD patients.
具体地说，在一个叫做右颞顶交界处的大脑区域使用rTMS似乎有助于缓解症状，至少在一项对12名DDD患者进行的小型研究中是这样的。
But the studies' authors do admit that the study is pretty underpowered, and that they still can't rule out placebo effects.
但该研究的作者承认，这项研究的可信度不足，他们仍不能排除安慰剂效应的影响。
So other authors are using rTMS to target different brain areas.
所以，其他的作者使用rTMS来定位不同的大脑区域。
Another promising candidate is an area involved in the brain's executive control system called the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex.
另一个有希望出现研究结果的脑区是与大脑执行控制系统有关的右前额叶腹外侧皮质。
A study from 2016 showed that using rTMS on this area improved symptoms in six of seven patients after 20 sessions, with few side effects reported.
2016年的一项研究表明，在该脑区使用rTMS，可在20个疗程后使7名患者中的6名患者症状得到改善，几乎没有报告出现副作用。
Scientists think that damping down its activity bumps up that threat threshold we mentioned earlier, stopping symptoms from being triggered so easily.
科学家们认为，抑制它的活动会提高我们前面提到的威胁阈值，从而阻止症状不那么轻易地被触发。
But again, we don't have larger studies to back this up, so psychologists will need to keep working.
但是，我们没有更大规模的研究来支持这种观点，所以心理学家还需要继续工作。
Sometimes, it can feel frustrating when scientists don't totally understand a phenomenon or how to treat it — especially with something like DDD.
有时，当科学家不完全理解一种现象或不知道如何治疗时，会感到沮丧，尤其是像DDD这种疾病。
But the truth is, each small experiment does get us closer to understanding what's going on.
但事实是，每个小试验都能让我们更深入地了解正在发生的事情。
Someday, maybe we'll understand all of the brain's secrets. And if we do, it will be because of research like this.
总有一天，也许我们会理解大脑的所有秘密。如果真是这样的话，那就是因为有这样的研究存在。
If you want to learn more about how scientists are tackling some of the biggest challenges in psychology, you might like CuriosityStream.
如果你想了解更多关于科学家如何应对心理学中一些最大的挑战，你可能会喜欢CuriosityStream。
It's a subscription streaming service that offers over 2000 documentaries and nonfiction titles, including plenty about psychology.
这是一款订阅流媒体服务，提供2000多部纪录片，包括大量关于心理学的视频。
There's a whole series called Curious Minds: Brain Health that, well, talks about brain health.
有一个系列叫做“好奇的头脑：大脑健康”，谈论的是大脑健康。
There are episodes on Alzheimer's, depression, and a handful of other disease psychologists and doctors are working hard to understand.
还有关于阿尔茨海默病、抑郁症和其他一些疾病的视频，心理学家和医生正在努力去了解这些疾病。
All of the episodes are pretty short, too, which means they're a great overview if you just want to understand the gist of a topic.
所有的视频都很短，也就是说如果你只是想了解一个主题的要点，它们是超棒的概论。
You can get unlimited access to CuriosityStream starting at $2.99 a month.
每月支付2.99美元，就可以无限制地访问CuriosityStream。
And as a way to say thanks to our SciShow viewers, if you sign up at curiositystream.com/Psych and use the promo code "psych" during the sign-up process, that's P-S- Y-C-H, you'll get the first 30 days free.
为了感谢科学秀节目的观众，如果您在curiositystream.com/ Psych注册并在注册时使用促销代码“psych”，就可以免费使用30天。
If you learn something especially cool, let us know!
如果你学到了特别炫酷的东西，请告诉我们！
