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Sadness, loneliness and anxiety are normal feelings that everyone has experienced.
悲伤、孤独和焦虑是每个人都经历过的正常情绪。
These feelings can be triggered by specific events, like the loss of a loved one or a humiliating work experience.
这些情绪可以被特殊事件触发，比如失去爱人或是一次丢脸的工作经历。
But when our dark emotional state begins to cause physical symptoms and lasts for long periods of time,
但当我们的黑暗情绪状态开始引发身体症状且持续很长一段时间时，
it can dramatically affect our everyday behavior and inhibit us from leading normal healthy lives.
这将明显影响我们的日常行为并阻止我们过上正常健康的生活。
Despite the social stigma associated with it, major depressive disorder is surprisingly common.
虽然它总和社会耻辱相联系，但重度抑郁症非常普遍。
Studies show that 13% of the global population will suffer from depression at some point in their lives.
研究表明全球13%的人口将在一生中的某些时刻患上抑郁。
And even the World Health Organization considers depression to be a major factor in diseases of all types.
世界卫生组织甚至将抑郁症定为各种类型疾病的一个主要因素。
Despite depression being seemingly so commonplace, the causes of depression
虽然抑郁症似乎变得很常见，但抑郁症的起因
and the different factors that make it more likely to occur are often misunderstood.
以及导致发病的各种不同因素通常被误解。
So, what types of thought processes lead more easily to depressive states
所以什么类型的思维过程更容易导致抑郁
and what makes some people more likely than others to suffer from chronic depression?
并且是什么让一些人更容易患上这种慢性抑郁呢？
In a landmark 1992 study, Rose and Abramson established a clear link between three pessimistic tendencies,
在1992年一次标志性研究中，罗斯和艾布拉姆森建立了三种悲观倾向之间的一种明确联系，
also called negative inferential styles and chronic depression.
这也被称为消极的推论风格以及慢性抑郁。
Number one: Cause.
1. 起因。
The first occurs when an individual blames global causes for negative life events instead of specific causes.
初次发生会在一个人将负面的生活事件归咎于这个世界而非特殊因素。
Someone who makes these types of attributions will look at a negative event as caused by something that cannot be changed by them
这种类型属性的人会认为这些负面事件是由一些他们无法改变的因素所导致的
and extends across all areas of their life instead of addressing the specifics of the situation
并将这种想法贯穿他们的整个人生，而不是去处理这些情况
and looking to move forward from it in a positive way.
也不会用积极的方式向前看。
At the same time, they also assume that their successes are one-off situations that are lucky or coincidental
同时，他们还认为自己的成功是出于幸运或偶然的一次性事件
and not a result of their own effort and behavior.
而非他们个人努力和行动的结果。
Number Two: Consequence.
2. 结果。
Even if someone does not assume that they are the main unchanging cause of negative events in their life,
即便某人不认为自己是生活中消极事件的主要不可变化起因，
they may still have trouble seeing how a negative situation could turn out positively.
他们也可能觉得消极境况的结果不可能是积极的。
People with this outlook on life see the worst in every situation and assume the worst possible outcomes.
持有这种人生观的人所看到的是每个情况中最糟糕的一面并会假设最糟糕的可能结果。
Even though they might not blame themselves for a particular event, they tell themselves that there's no way to recover from it,
即使他们不会因某件事而责备自己，他们也会告诉自己这种情况时不可扭转的，
believing that they will forever be dealing with the consequences of the negative situation.
他们认为自己将永远和这些消极情况的结果打交道。
Number Three: Self-image.
3. 自我形象。
Individuals with this third tendency regularly compare themselves with others who are performing better than them in a certain task.
有这第三种倾向的人通常将自己和那些在某项任务中比他们表现优异的人相比较。
Because they view themselves so negatively and believe that they are the cause of every negative life event,
因为他们是以一种非常消极的方式看待自己，并且认为自己是每一件消极生活事件的起因，
they cannot see a way forward from their current situation.
身处目前的情况中，他们看不到前方的路。
They see themselves as the root cause of every issue and so feel a deep sense of hopelessness.
他们将自己看做是每个问题的根本原因，并会感受到一种深深的绝望。
Although there are many different factors which contribute to chronic depression, these negative attribution styles always play a major role.
虽然有很多因素会促成慢性抑郁症，但这些消极属性风格也起到了很大的作用。
Helping individuals who suffer from depression to seek therapy focused on developing more positive ways of thinking,
帮助那些抑郁症患者寻找治疗方法，专注发展更加积极的思维方式，
building a strong self-image and better understanding the root causes of their emotions
建立更强大的自我形象以及更好的理解自己情绪的根本原因
and how to constructively deal with them is an essential part of treatment.
和如何有建设性的处理它们是治疗的关键部分。
As with most illness, the deep shame that accompanies depression can be paralyzing.
和大多数疾病一样，伴随抑郁症的深深羞耻感会让人麻痹。
Please help end the stigma associated with depression and other mental illnesses by coming forward to speak about your own struggles,
请帮助结束抑郁症和其他精神疾病所背负的耻辱，积极谈论你的故事
encouraging others to come forward and always being willing to listen without judgment.
鼓励他人站出来并愿意不带任何偏见的倾听。
