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We've all experienced sadness, but usually, our sadness does fade over time and gets better.
我们都经历过悲伤，但是我们的悲伤通常会随着时间消逝，我们情绪也会改善。
But what happens when the sadness lingers?
但如果悲伤一直逗留会怎样呢？
Depression goes beyond normal sadness, it can become an all-encompassing disorder.
抑郁症远不止普通的悲伤那么简单，它可以变成一种包罗万象的疾病。
There are different types of depression but the most common is known as Major Depressive Disorder.
抑郁有不同的类型，但是最常见的是重度抑郁症。
According to the DSM-V, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,
根据《心理障碍诊断与统计手册》（DSM-V），
to have major depressive disorder, you must meet five of the possible criteria outlined in the DSM-V
确诊重度抑郁症，你必须符合DSM-V中可能标准的5个
and at least one of the symptoms must be depressive episodes.
且至少有一种症状必须是抑郁发作。
But what other signs are there of depression? How do you spot if your friend or even you are suffering from this disorder?
但抑郁症还有什么其他迹象么？该如何发现你的朋友甚至是你自己是否患有这种疾病呢？
Watch on to find out 7 important signs of depression.
注意发现抑郁症的7种重要迹象。
1. Neglecting friends and hobbies.
1. 忽视朋友和兴趣爱好。
Another frustrating symptom of depression is something known as Anhedonia.
抑郁症的另一种令人沮丧的症状是快感缺乏。
This means the loss of pleasure from activities which would usually be fun.
这意味着以前觉得好玩的活动失去了乐趣。
This leads to neglecting activities in people as they no longer give the person with depression any sense of pleasure or fun.
这将导致人们失去了对活动的兴趣，因为它们给不了抑郁症患者任何愉悦感。
According to Psychology Today writer Faith Brynie, it is one of the most common symptoms of depression.
《Psychology Today》的作者Faith Brynie表示，这是抑郁症最常见的症状之一。
So if your friend no longer seems interested in their hobbies like Pokemon Go,
如果你的朋友不再对他们的兴趣爱好感兴趣，比如Pokemon Go
playing guitar or dancing it may be a good time to check in with them.
弹吉他或跳舞，那么这或许是和他们聊聊的好时机。
2. Changes in sleep pattern.
2. 睡眠模式的变化。
Our sleep pattern is incredibly important for our mental health,
我们的睡眠模式对我们的精神健康至关重要，
often changes to our sleep pattern are one of the signs that will suffering mentally.
睡眠模式的变化通常是精神出问题的迹象之一。
This is particularly an issue as an irregular sleep pattern can make depression worse.
这很成问题，因为不规律的睡眠模式可以让抑郁变得更糟糕。
Depression can cause insomnia, too little sleep or hypersomnia, sleeping too much.
抑郁症会引起失眠、觉少或嗜睡、睡得太多。
These changes in sleep pattern also tend to result in a decrease in overall energy. This symptom is very common.
睡眠模式的这些变化也会导致精力下降。这一症状非常普遍。
Nutt Wilson and Patterson found that 75% of depressed patients reported insomnia and 40% reported hypersomnia.
Nutt Wilson和Patterson发现75%的抑郁症患者失眠，40%的患者嗜睡。
So if you notice a change to your sleep pattern, it might be a sign you're depressed.
所以如果你注意到你的睡眠模式发生变化，这可能是你患上抑郁的迹象。
3. Change in appetite.
3. 食欲变化。
Another thing that depression can influence is our appetites.
抑郁可以影响到的另一件事是我们的食欲。
Some people with depression find their appetite is much lower, feeling unable to eat.
一些抑郁症患者发现他们的食欲降低，感觉不想吃东西。
Conversely, some people with depression have an increased appetite and may turn to food to comfort eat.
相反一些患者食欲增加，并且可能借食物寻求安慰。
Simmons et al found that certain brain areas were involved in whether someone with depression lost or increased their appetite.
Simmons等人发现某些大脑区域对抑郁症患者食欲的减少和增加起到作用。
So, if you notice your friends' appetite seems to have changed drastically, that might be a sign they're suffering from depression.
所以如果你注意到你朋友的胃口急剧变化，那么这可能就是他们患抑郁症的迹象。
4. Low self-esteem.
4. 低自尊。
Self-esteem is something that is often majorly affected by depression.
自尊通常会受到抑郁症的极大影响。
Depression can make you only see the negative things about yourself and downplay your achievements.
抑郁症可以让你仅看到自己身上负面的东西，贬低你的成就。
This is a serious symptom of depression as it can lead to people feeling worthless.
这是抑郁症的一个严重迹象，因为这会让人们觉得没有价值感。
It's even been shown in studies that low self-esteem as an adolescence is a risk factor for depression as an adult.
研究甚至表明青春期的低自尊是成人患抑郁症的一个风险因素。
If you feel like there's nothing positive about you or you have friends
如果你觉得自己没有任何优点或者你的朋友
who always seem to put themselves down, it could be due to depression.
总是贬低自己，这可能是抑郁症引起的。
5. Decrease in hygiene.
5. 卫生状况不佳。
One way the lack of energy from depression can manifest is a decrease in someone's hygiene.
抑郁症导致精力缺乏的表现形式之一是卫生状况不佳。
Often those with depression struggle to shower, clean their teeth or other self grooming habits we take for granted.
通常患有抑郁症的人都挣扎着不愿洗澡、刷牙或进行其他自我梳理的习惯。
This is due to their fatigue and lack of motivation to complete tasks.
这是因为他们很疲劳且缺乏完成任务的动机。
So, if your friend is looking less clean and groomed it might be due to a depressive episode.
所以如果你的朋友看起来不太干净整洁，那么这可能是抑郁症发作导致的。
6. Irritability.
6. 易怒。
Do you ever find that everyone and everything is getting on your nerves? Do you feel like you're tense and pent-up?
你有没有觉得任何人任何事都会让你心烦不安？你有没有觉得紧张压抑？
Irritability is one of the symptoms of depression.
易怒是抑郁症的症状之一。
When you feel so negative about everything, it can make even little things feel incredibly annoying.
当你对一切事物消极时，一点小事都会让你非常恼怒。
Besharat et al also suggests depression causes dysfunction in mood regulation, meaning anger is more likely to be displayed.
Besharat等人也称抑郁症会导致情绪调节紊乱，意味着更有可能生气。
So if you notice you or a friend have a shorter fuse than usual, it might be worth looking into why that is.
所以如果你注意到你或是你的朋友比平常更容易生气，这可能值得一探究竟。
7. Flat emotions.
7. 情绪平淡。
There is a misconception that depression is all about feeling sad all the time. This however isn't the case.
有一种误解认为抑郁症就是一直感到悲伤。但并非如此。
One other symptom of depression is known as Flat Mood. This is where a person's mood is dull.
抑郁症的另一种症状是情绪平淡，即这个人心情沉闷。
Often people say they feel numb or like they can't feel anything at all. They don't feel sad but they also can't feel happy either.
人们常说自己感到麻木或是他们感觉不到任何情绪。他们并不感到悲伤，但也感觉不到快乐。
If this feeling is something you've experienced, you might want to seek help as you may be suffering from depression.
如果你有这种感觉，那么你可能需要寻求帮助，因为你可能患有抑郁症。
If you feel like you strongly relate to the signs in this video, you should seek professional help.
如果你觉得自己中了以上很多条迹象，你应该寻求专业帮助。
A doctor will talk to you about your symptoms and may have you complete a self-report questionnaire to help diagnose you.
医生会和你谈论你的症状，可能会让你填一份自我报告问卷帮助诊断。
Once your doctor suspects you have depression, they will discuss treatment options such as medication and therapy with you.
一旦你的医生怀疑你患有抑郁症，他们将讨论治疗方案，如药物治疗和心理治疗。
We hope you found this video helpful. If you did, be sure to like and share. Follow our channel for more psychological content.
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