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It's 2015 and the world's most powerful drug trafficker, El Chapo, is about to escape from prison.
2015年，世界上势力最大的毒枭“矮子”正准备越狱。
Did you see it? Right now.
看见了吗？越狱。
He's gone.
就这么从监狱里蒸发了。
"One of the world's richest, most notorious drug kingpins broke out of prison."
“世界上最有钱也最臭名昭著的毒枭之一越狱了。”
"Former cartel leader is considered one of THE most dangerous drug traffickers in the world."
“前贩毒集团头目被认为是世界上最最危险的毒枭之一。”
Joaquin Guzman Loera, better known as "El Chapo", broke out of his cell by crawling out of a hole in the shower.
华金·古兹曼·洛埃拉，更响亮的名号是“矮子”，通过浴室里的一个洞越狱了。
The escape of Chapo Guzman translates into two things: More violence for Mexico and more drugs coming into the United States.
矮子古兹曼的越狱意味着两件事：墨西哥的暴力事件将会增多，流入美国的毒品也会增多。
El Chapo was the leader of the Sinaloa Cartel, a murderous criminal organization that has killed thousands during Mexico's violent drug wars.
“矮子”是锡那罗亚贩毒集团的头目，这是一个十分凶残的犯罪组织，曾在墨西哥激烈的毒品战争中夺走了数千人的性命。
Their methods are brutal.
他们的手段十分残忍。
But violence isn't what makes El Chapo different from other traffickers.
然而，使“矮子”不同于其他毒枭的并不是暴力。
Instead, his legacy has been shaped by two abilities: transporting more drugs across the border than anyone else and always finding a way to escape authorities.
相反，他的威望来源于他的两大能力：其一，他通过边境输送的毒品比任何人都多；其二，他总能找到从当局手里逃出去的办法。
That was, until now.
直到现在。
After being captured again in Mexico, El Chapo is standing trial in the United States.
“矮子”在墨西哥再次落网，目前正在美国受审。
It's the latest chapter for the world's most powerful drug trafficker
关于世界上势力最大的毒枭的最新报道就是这些了，
and to understand how El Chapo got here, it helps to look at a single innovation,
然而，要了解矮子是如何走到了今天，研究一个发明就会有所帮助，
the one tool that El Chapo used to transform the drug trade is the same tool that made him its most elusive target: tunnels.
这个发明不仅是矮子用来输送毒品的工具，也是让他成为了警察们最难抓住的目标的工具：隧道。
"Tunnels." "Tunnels." "Tunnels." "Through a tunnel." "Used by El Chapo." "Tunnel King." "Master of tunnels."
“隧道”。“隧道”。“隧道”。“通过一个隧道。”“供‘矮子’使用的。”“隧道之王。”“隧道大师。”
"Prince of tunnels."
“隧道王子”。
"It's a magnificent feat of architecture and engineering."
“堪称建筑学和工程学的伟大壮举。”
"Being used to smuggle drugs."
“被用来走私毒品。”
"And it's like looking for a needle in a haystack."
“跟大海捞针差不多。”
"There's not really any form of technology right now that can discover these tunnels being built."
“目前还没有任何一种技术能够发现这些正在修建的隧道。”
"The tunnel. Look at this."
“隧道。你们看。”
In 1990, federal agents in Douglas, Arizona, found something new: a sophisticated drug tunnel from the US to Mexico.
1990年，亚利桑那道格拉斯的联邦探员有了新发现：一条复杂的，从美国直通墨西哥的毒品隧道。
And when investigators got inside it, they were amazed by what they saw.
调查人员进入隧道后，他们被眼前的景象惊呆了。
The tunnel was 300 feet long and lit by an electrical system running along the wall.
隧道长300英尺（约91米），还有沿墙铺设的电力系统照明。
At one end, a lever raised a hydraulic lift that opened an entrance in the safehouse floor.
在一端，他们用一根杠杆挑起了一个液压升降机，这才打开了藏身之处所在楼层的入口。
One agent said it was "like something out of a James Bond movie."
一位探员甚至说工事感觉“就像詹姆斯·邦德电影里的东西一样”。
In fact, it had been built by an architect working for El Chapo.
事实上，那个隧道是由为“矮子”工作的建筑师打造的。
And agents didn't know it yet, but this was their first sign of a major shift in the US drug trade.
尽管特工们当时并不知道，但那个隧道称得上是美国毒品贸易行业发生重大转变的苗头。
In the 1980s, US drug traffic had been dominated by cocaine coming through the Caribbean,
80年代，美国的毒品交易主要是通过加勒比海地区走私过来的可卡因，
but during the next two decades US forces led a crackdown which changed the drug trade in two ways that put El Chapo in the right place at the right time.
但之后的二十年，美军发起了一场打击毒品的行动，而这次行动从两个方面改变了美国的毒品交易市场，也让“矮子”占据了天时和地利。
First, drug traffic shifted to routes through Mexico.
一方面，毒品输送路线转到了墨西哥。
Second, as national militaries worked with the US to destroy crops in South America, traffickers focused on drugs they could grow elsewhere.
另一方面，随着各国军方与美国合力摧毁南美的毒品原生植物，度校门开始将注意力集中在他们可以在其他地方种植的毒品上。
The coca plant is only grown in the Andes mountains, but marijuana can be grown in Mexico, especially in mountain ranges along the western coast.
虽然古柯只生长在安第斯山脉地区，但是大麻可以在墨西哥，尤其是西海岸的山脉地区种植。
And the same is true for the opium poppy, the raw ingredient processed to make heroin.
罂粟，制造海洛因的原材料，也是如此。
For both crops, the densest region of cultivation includes the state of Sinaloa, the home of El Chapo.
而种植这两种作物种植得最密集的地区就包括锡那罗亚州——“矮子”的家乡。
El Chapo also had the ideal way to move those drugs:
“矮子”还有理想的，转移这些毒品的途径；
unlike cocaine, which is odorless and can be tightly packed into a vehicle, marijuana is bulky and has a strong smell.
和没有气味并且可以紧紧地塞在车里的可卡因不同，大麻体积庞大，而且气味浓烈。
But by using his tunnels, El Chapo could get massive amounts across the border quickly.
但是，通过他的那些隧道，“矮子”可以迅速将大麻送到边境对岸。
