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How do you fight a fire when it's in motion?
发生火灾的物体在运动时，应该如何灭火呢?
The challenges faced by Air Force firefighters are unlike any other job in the world.
空军消防队队员们面临的挑战不同于世界上任何其他一种工作。
Their response times must be instantaneous and the challenges, whether spatial, chemical, or kinetic, are numerous.
火灾一旦发生，他们就必须立刻行动起来，而且他们面临的挑战，无论是空间的、化学的还是动力学的挑战，都是不计其数的。
The only thing all aircraft fires have in common is their immense stakes.
所有航空火灾唯一的共同之处在于每一次火灾都涉及巨大的利害关系。
That's why firefighters prepare with top-level training at Duty Fire Academy.
这就是为什么那些消防员都要在义务消防学院接受顶级训练的原因。
It's a science: how you manage it, how you put it out, how you control it.
因为航空消防，如何处理，如何灭火，如何控制火势也是一门学问。
The Air Force's unique challenges make its firefighters some of the very best in the world, ready for any situation.
空军面临的独特挑战也使其消防员堪称世界上最优秀的，时刻准备应对任何险情的消防员。
It's not just pulling up on scene and putting water on the fire.
航空消防不仅仅是把车停在现场然后往火里喷水那么简单。
Firefighters must contend with high-intensity scenarios, pressurized systems, immensely powerful machines and hazardous substances not found in civilian society.
消防队员们还应付万分危急的形势，应付高压系统，无比强大的机器以及普通社会没有的危险物质。
We have a burning, flammable liquid, an aircraft spills fuel on the ramp due to a crash.
可燃液体燃烧起来，飞机坠毁时还会将燃料洒落到舷梯上。
In addition, these fires burn incredibly hot such as temperatures between 427 and 816 degrees celsius.
此外，航空火灾的火苗温度都非常高，可达到427~816摄氏度。
In order to put that out you need to cool it.
要熄灭这样的火苗，你得先给它降温。
And you need to keep the heat separated from the fuel.
还要将高温和燃料隔开。
Foam is one way of doing that.
泡沫是解决方案之一。
Foam flows on top of the fuel.
泡沫能够在燃料的表面流动。
It smothers the oxygen away from the fire, puts the fire out.
将氧气从火中吸走，继而将火扑灭。
As technology keeps evolving, so too do the potential problems when it goes wrong.
随着技术的不断发展，技术出问题时可能产生的潜在的问题也在不断增多。
Coordination is key, from inspection to prevention to suppression.
所以，从检查到预防再到灭火这一系列的协调工作是很关键的。
When a call comes in, firefighters have to be dressed to go in under one minute and arrive in two minutes.
接到报警电话时，消防员必须在一分钟内穿好衣服，并在两分钟到达现场。
After that, they have one more minute to reduce the fire by 90%.
接下来，他们还有一分钟的时间将火情减小90%。
If temperatures reach 649 degrees celsius, the plane is done for.
如果飞机温度达到649摄氏度，飞机就完蛋了。
Although the extinguishing materials vary by the fire's causes,
尽管需要的灭火材料因火灾原因而异，
Air Force firefighters must prepare for every combustion, from jet fuel to live weapons, to metal itself burning.
空军消防队员们必须为所有的火灾类型做好准备，无论是喷气燃料引起的火灾，还是实弹武器或是飞机本身的金属材料引起的火灾。
If airborne, firefighters have to be careful to preserve the integrity of the plane hull with high-pressure extinguishing methods, so as not to give the fire a path into the cabin.
如果发生火灾时飞机还在空中航行，消防队员就必须小心翼翼地用高压灭火的方法来保持飞机外壳的完整性，以免让大火乘势进入机舱内部。
The fire on aircrafts spreads very quickly.
飞机上一旦发生火灾，火势蔓延起来会非常迅速。
It'll start one end and spread very quickly to the other end.
从飞机的一头到另一头只需要很短的时间。
In order to be as effective as possible, firefighters also have to memorize the layouts of different model aircrafts, which can vary greatly.
为了尽可能有效地灭火，消防员还必须记住不同机型的布局，而那些布局彼此之间可能会有很大的差异。
Where it may be as little as a couple of feet in length all the way up to an aircraft that may be 300 feet long and is loaded with thousands of gallons of fuel.
有的飞机可能只有几英尺长，有的则能可能长达300英尺同时载有数千加仑的燃料。
Air Force firefighters are called upon to help far beyond the air field.
空军消防队员不仅会在航空领域内的设备着火时接到报警电话。
Their special skills are used to combat (everything) from natural disasters such as wildfires to commercial airlines.
他们的特殊技能还会被用于对抗从自然灾害(如野火)到商业客机火灾等各种情形。
The Fire Academy was very intense, a very grueling process.
消防学院的学习也是超高强度的魔鬼式训练。
We do have a lot of responsibility for responding to whatever may happen.
我们确实扛着很重的责任，任何可能发生的险情我们都要面对。
But it's a very rewarding career and I'm proud to be part of the Air Force and a firefighter.
但这也是一个非常有意义的职业，我很自豪能成为空军的一员，成为消防队的一员。
This episode was presented by the US Air Force.
感谢美国空军对本期节目的大力支持。
Learn more at airforce.com.
了解更多信息，请访问airforce.com。
For more episodes of Science in the Extremes, check out this one right here.
观看更多极限科学的视频，请点击这里。
Don't forget to subscribe, and come back to Seeker for more episodes.
最后，别忘了订阅，关注我们的更新噢。
