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In segment 28d: Proxy Wars and the Arms Race, we cover several near-wars and proxy wars around the world.
28段第四部分，代理战争和军备竞赛，我们会讲到几场一触即发的战争和代理人战争
The Korean War of 1950-1953 pitted South Korea, the US, and various United Nations forces against North Korea and Red China.
1950到1953年的朝鲜战争使得韩国，美国和其它联合国力量与朝鲜和红色中国相较量
Despite General MacArthur's urgings, the Korean War didn't turn into a nuclear war.
尽管麦克阿瑟将军频频催促，朝鲜战争还是没有演变为核战
1956 brought two crises: the Suez crisis, pitting Britain, France, and Israel against modern Egypt, and the Hungarian Revolution.
1956年发生了两场危机，苏伊士运河危机，是英国、法国、以色列与现代埃及的较量，另外一场危机就是匈牙利革命
Fortunately, neither of these episodes turned into a full-blown war,
幸运的是，两场危机都没有变成全面展开的战争
nor did President Kennedy's idiotic 1961 "Bay of Pigs" invasion of Castro's Cuba.
肯尼迪总统1961年向卡斯特罗领导的古巴进行猪湾入侵事件也没有变成战争
Far more frightening was the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962,
更可怕的是1962年的古巴导弹危机
which the USSR was cajoled into removing its secret nuclear missile bases from Cuba.
苏联被哄骗将自己的秘密核导弹基地撤离古巴
The arms race and the space race continued, at an exorbitant cost, which would take its toll on both East and West.
军备竞赛和航天竞赛也在继续，代价高昂离谱，使得东方和西方都遭受了损失
Segment 28b: A Farewell To Empires
28段第四部分，告别帝国
In World War Two, the German, Japanese, and Italian empires were defeated, never to rise again.
在二战中，德国，日本和意大利帝国都战败，再也没能崛起
