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How's your summer going?
你的夏天过得怎么样？
Did you spend a lot of time in the pool?
是不是老往游泳池跑？
Have fond memories of the ol' swimmin' hole?
还在人挤人的泳池里留下了很多美好的回忆？
Well, let me retroactively ruin them.
好吧，让我来煞个风景帮你把那些回忆统统毁掉怎么样。
Pools are gross.
游泳池其实很脏。
The thing about water is that pathogens absolutely thrive in it.
游泳池的水其实是病原体疯狂繁殖的温床,至少是一部分的温床。
Harmful viruses, bacteria, and protozoa can be transmitted from one person to another by way of pool water.
有害的病毒，细菌和原生动物可以通过游泳池的水从一个人身上传播到另一个人身上。
Over 14 years, health officials from 46 states and Puerto Rico reported almost 500 outbreaks linked to treated recreational water,
在14年的时间里，46个州和波多黎各的卫生官员报告了近500起与经过处理的游泳池池水有关的疫情，
causing more than 27,000 illnesses and eight deaths.
患者超过2.7万例，死亡人数8例。
Since many people don't go to a doctor when they're sick, and it's difficult to test water for contaminants after an outbreak, those numbers could be higher still.
由于许多人生病了也不就医，而且出现问题后也很难测试水中的污染物，所以，实际患病和死亡的人数可能会更高。
Now, you may be thinking that a lot of these outbreaks were caused by pools that weren't treated properly,
可能你会觉得这些病例很多都是因为泳池池水处理不当引起的，
and it's true that does happen remarkably often.
实际上，这种情况也确实是频频发生。
A 2016 CDC study found 80% of public pools had health and safety violations.
比如，2016年疾病预防控制中心的一项研究就发现，80％的公共游泳池都存在违反健康和安全规定的情况。
Eighty percent!
百分之八十啊！
One in eight facilities failed their inspections so badly they were closed immediately.
还有八分之一的公共泳池因为严重违规被立即关闭。
Undertreated pools can lead to tragedy.
泳池处理不当是会引发悲剧的。
Like in 1998 when seven swimmers who shared a pool with a child with E. coli were hospitalized, that resulted in one death.
1998年就有7个人在和一名携带大肠杆菌的儿童在一个泳池游泳后感染住院，其中一人还医治无效死亡了。
E. coli outbreaks like that can be prevented by properly treating pools with our dear old friend, chlorine.
这样的大肠杆菌爆发其实是可以用我们亲爱的老朋友氯对池水进行消毒预防的。
The chlorine that's added to pools, either in the form of hypochlorous acid or hypochlorite ions,
加到泳池的氯，无论加的是次氯酸还是次氯酸盐，
reacts with the lipids in a microorganism's cell walls or enzymes inside the cells and kills them (which is good).
都会与微生物细胞壁中的脂质或细胞内的酶发生反应从而消灭它们（这当然是很好的啦）。
But, chlorine also reacts with ammonia in things like sweat and pee.
但是，氯也会与汗水和尿液等物质中的氨发生反应。
This results in chloramines, which are responsible for that pool smell.
其生成物氯胺就是泳池池水有那股味儿的原因。
It also means there's less free chlorine available to kill friggin' E.coli!
同时，这也意味着用于消灭可恨的大肠杆菌的氯就少了。
That's right, that “chlorine smell” and your red irritated eyes actually mean a pool is under chlorinated, not over chlorinated!
没错，那股“氯味儿”以及你眼睛会变红说明的问题其实是泳池消毒不够，而不是消毒过度。
A properly treated pool has no smell. Yeah. NONE.
经过适当处理的泳池池水其实是没有异味的。嗯。没有。
But even if a pool is chlorinated, some pathogens can survive, like Cryptosporidium.
然而，即使泳池用氯消毒了，某些病原体也还是能够存活，如隐孢子虫。
This single-celled parasite has an outer shell that makes it resistant to chlorine.
这种单细胞寄生虫有一个耐氯的外壳。
It's the leading cause of waterborne disease in the US, and symptoms include abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
它是美国水传播疾病的罪魁祸首，感染症状包括腹痛，发烧，恶心，呕吐和腹泻。
That last symptom is also bad for pool goers.
最后一个症状对游泳爱好者来说同样是个问题。
Diarrhea is almost always caused by some infectious microorganism,
腹泻几乎总是一些传染性微生物引起的，
and people can spread it in pools up to two weeks after the symptoms subside.
症状消退两周后仍有可能将其传播到泳池。
Then all it takes is for another swimmer to inadvertently swallow some infected pool water and start the cycle anew.
然后只需另一个游泳的人无意中吞下一些受感染的池水，感染循环就能重新启动。
Even if people haven't had diarrhea, they can still shed poop and it's associated pathogens into the pool.
即便人们没有腹泻，他们仍然可以排便，将病原体注入泳池。
One study found that the average person -- that is, you and me -- has about 0.14 grams of poop on our stinky bums.
某研究发现，普通人 - 就是你我这样的普通人 - 臭臭的菊花上残留的粪便将近0.14g。
That's about the weight of one pea.
差不多是一颗豌豆的重量。
A pea's worth of poop.
相当于一颗豌豆的粪便啊。
I love that I get paid to say this stuff.
我还是喜欢这种说法，听着好像我赚到了似的。
Fortunately, it's actually not hard to avoid becoming a disease vector.
幸运的是，避免成为疾病的传播媒介其实并不难。
How many people don't shower before getting in a pool because they figure the pool will wash them off?
有多少人觉得游泳的时候能够洗掉菊花上残留的粪便就不冲澡直接下水的呢？
Yeah, it's a lot of us.
嗯，其实挺多的。
Well, turns out we were all wrong.
话说回来，事实证明，我们都错了。
Showering before swimming is a good way to clean up our gross butts for everyone's benefit.
游泳前淋浴的确不失为清理臭臭的菊花，你好我好大家好的一个好办法，
and it also washes away sweat, so if you remember the chlorine won't react with it.
但这样也会洗去汗液，如果你还记得上面的内容的话，你就知道这样一来，氯就不会和它们发生反应了。
I can't believe I have to say this, but you should also avoid peeing the pools.
我不敢相信我还要说这个，但大家确实应该避免在泳池里小便。
One survey found that one out of five people admit to peeing in pools.
某调查发现，五分之一的人都承认自己在泳池中小便过。
Well, I just assume the other four people are lying.
不过，我觉得剩下的五分之四的人没说实话。
Pee also has ammonia in it that will use up free chlorine, making the pool smell bad and be less safe.
小便中还含有氨，氨会消耗掉泳池中的氯，使游泳池变臭，变得不安全。
So in the end, avoid swallowing the water as best as you can.
所以，最后，尽量避免吞咽游泳池里的水。
And lastly if you've had diarrhea in the last two weeks,
最最后，如果你刚好过去的两周里腹泻过，
just do us all a favor, put on some sunblock and lay by the pool, read a book,
那就拜托你高抬贵手，抹点儿防晒霜，躺在泳池边上看看书吧，
the rest of us will then enjoy Cryptosporidium-free pool time.
这样，我们其他人才好享受没有隐孢子虫的游泳时光。
Have a great summer everyone!
祝大家夏日愉快！
Not all microbes are bad… for example your gut is filled with microbes.
也并非所有的微生物都是不好的...比如，你的肠道里到处都是微生物。
They're just controlling your mind, no big deal.
他们只是控制了你的思想，没什么大不了的。
Watch Maren's video to understand how!
莫伦专门做了个视频讲这个，地址在这里！
And one last thing, I don't have a cool fun fact for you, but have you ever thought about how often we empty pools and just like scrub them down?
最最后，其实我今天没有有趣的事实给大家分享，但我们到底多久才放空游泳池彻底洗刷一遍的，你想过吗？
Maybe actually don't, think about it.
可能从来都没有过，你想想看。
And thanks for watching SEEKER!
感谢大家收看本期视频。
