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Squeaks and I are getting ready to have a nice picnic outside!
吱吱和我正准备在外面野餐！
We've got our picnic basket loaded with plenty of delicious and healthy snacks and lots of water.
我们的野餐篮子里装满了美味健康的小吃和大量的水。
And I'll definitely need sunscreen, because it's pretty sunny out there today, and I don't want to get a sunburn.
我肯定需要防晒霜，因为今天外面阳光灿烂，我不想晒伤。
Great question, Squeaks.
很好的问题，吱吱。
Other animals don't put on sunscreen, so How do they protect themselves from the sun?
其他动物不使用防晒霜，那么他们如何保护自己不受阳光的伤害呢？
Well, plenty of animals already have something on top of their skin to protect them from getting a sunburn.
好吧，很多动物的皮肤上已经有了保护皮肤不被晒伤的东西。
Birds have feathers.
鸟类都有羽毛。
Animals like bears, dogs, and cats have fur or hair.
熊、狗和猫等动物有皮毛或毛发。
Other animals, like lizards and snakes, have scales.
其他动物，如蜥蜴和蛇，都有鳞片。
That's true, Squeaks.
这是真的，吱吱。
There are some animals that don't have feathers or fur or scales.
有些动物没有羽毛、皮毛或鳞片。
Pigs are a good example.
猪就是一个很好的例子。
You might know that they like to roll around in mud.
你可能知道它们喜欢在泥里打滚。
But do you know why they cover themselves in mud?
但你知道他们为什么把自己裹在泥里吗？
That's right – sun protection!
对了——防晒！
There's not much to block sunlight from hurting their skin,
没有太多东西可以阻挡阳光伤害他们的皮肤，
so they use the mud as their own version of sunscreen.
所以他们用泥浆作为自己的防晒霜。
And as a bonus, the mud keeps them nice and cool!
另外，泥浆还能让它们保持凉爽！
Can you think of another animal that doesn't have much covering its skin?
你能想到另一种没有太多覆盖物的动物吗？
I'll give you a hint: it has a very long nose.
我给你个提示：它的鼻子很长。
Yeah, I was thinking of an elephant!
是啊，我在想大象！
Elephants sometimes cover themselves in mud, too.
大象有时也会把自己裹在泥里。
Older elephants help cover their baby elephants with sand or dirt,
年长的大象会用沙子或泥土覆盖它们的小象，
and they'll actually stand over younger elephants while they nap so they can rest in the shade.
它们会站在年轻的大象面前打盹，这样它们就可以在树荫下休息。
But some animals can get their own version of sunscreen without having to cover themselves in mud.
但是一些动物可以得到他们自己的防晒，而不需要用泥浆覆盖自己。
Like alligators.
像鳄鱼。虽然鳄鱼的鳞片可以保护它们
Even though an alligator's scales help protect them,
虽然鳄鱼的鳞片可以保护它们，
turns out alligators make something inside their bodies that protects them from the sun.
结果是短吻鳄在体内制造了某种东西来保护自己免受太阳的伤害。
It's a type of chemical called gadusol.
它是一种叫做gadusol的化学物质
And it's not just alligators.
不仅仅是短吻鳄。
Snakes and turtles make gadusol, too!
蛇和乌龟也能制造gadusol！
And so do frogs and toads.
青蛙和蟾蜍也是如此。
Most birds do, too.
大多数鸟类也一样。
So it's not just their feathers keeping them safe from the sun!
所以不仅仅是它们的羽毛保护它们免受阳光的伤害！
And let's not forget about fish.
别忘了鱼。
They also make this stuff.
他们也生产这种东西。
That's a good question, Squeaks!
这个问题问得好，吱吱！
He wants to know why fish need sunscreen.
他想知道为什么鱼需要防晒。
I can see why you might be wondering about that, since they're under the water.
我知道你为什么会疑惑，因为它们在水下。
But too much sunlight could still hurt them through the water.
但是太多的阳光仍然会透过水伤害他们。
It's the same reason we need sunscreen even when we're swimming.
这也是我们在游泳时也需要防晒霜的原因。
It sure would be nice if our bodies made gadusol, too!
如果我们的身体也能制造出gadusol，那就太好了！
Then we wouldn't need to put on sunscreen at all.
这样我们就不需要涂防晒霜了。
And you know what?
你知道吗？
Scientists aren't totally sure yet why our bodies don't make gadusol.
科学家们还不能完全确定为什么我们的身体不能产生gadusol。
But they do have an idea: they think it might be because a long time ago,
但他们确实有一个想法：他们认为这可能是因为很久以前，
humans used to just avoid the sunlight and go out at night instead of during the day.
人类过去只是避开阳光，在晚上出去，而不是在白天。
That's what we call being nocturnal.
这就是我们所说的夜间活动。
So, it's possible we don't make gadusol because we just didn't need it.
所以，我们有可能不生产gadusol因为我们不需要它。
We weren't out in the sun all that much.
我们在外面晒太阳的时间并不长。
That might also be why we're not covered with fur or feathers or something else that would protect us from the sun.
这也可能是为什么我们没有覆盖着皮毛或羽毛或其他东西来保护我们免受太阳的伤害。
But scientists are really interested in gadusol!
但是科学家们真的对gadusol感兴趣！
Even though our bodies don't make it by themselves,
即使我们的身体不是自己做出来的，
scientists are studying it to see if we can use science to turn gadusol into sunscreen for us, too.
科学家们正在研究它，看看我们是否可以利用科学来为我们把gadusol变成防晒霜。
So those are some ways that animals protect themselves from the sun.
这些是动物保护自己免受太阳伤害的方法。
Here's the thing, though: some animals still do get sunburned!
然而，事情是这样的：一些动物仍然会被晒伤！
Like whales.
像鲸鱼。
They don't have fur or anything else covering their skin.
它们的皮肤上没有皮毛或其他东西。
They can cover themselves in mud, and they don't make gadusol.
他们可以用泥巴把自己裹起来，而且他们不会制造gadusol。
But whales have special ways of healing themselves from sunburns,
但是鲸鱼有特殊的方法从晒伤中康复，
like developing a hard outer layer of skin, so they don't get too hurt from the sun.
比如形成一层坚硬的外层皮肤，这样它们就不会被太阳晒伤。
So, Squeaks. It's looking pretty sunny out there!
所以，吱吱。外面看起来很晴朗！
Since we can't make our own sunscreen, how about we do something else that animals do?
既然我们不能自己制作防晒霜，不如我们做一些动物能做的事情？
Let's find a nice shady spot.
让我们找一块好的阴凉地。
And we'll have our picnic!
那就是我们野餐的地方！
Thanks for joining me!
感谢您的收看！
If you want to keep learning and having fun with Squeaks and me, hit the subscribe button,
如果你想继续学习，与我和吱吱共度美好时光，就点击订阅吧，
and don't forget to check us out on the YouTube Kids app.
不要忘了在YouTube Kids应用上查看我们。
Thanks! We'll see you next time, here at the Fort!
谢谢！我们下期见！在堡垒不见不散！
