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As a writer, comedian, researcher, and DJ, I have to have music to focus.
为一名作家、喜剧演员、研究人员和DJ，我必须听音乐才能专注下来。
But I have friends who need *complete silence* to study, write, or be productive.
但我有些朋友则需要*绝对的安静*才能学习，写作或者高效地工作。
So which one’s better for our brain and our body?
那么到底哪个对我们的大脑和身体更好呢？
Let’s start by finding out what noise, the opposite of silence, does to our bodies.
首先，让我们来看看噪音，也就是安静的对立面，对我们的身体的影响。
Studies were conducted by the World Health Organization that linked noise pollution, like loud city sounds,
世界卫生组织进行了一些研究，认为城市里较吵闹的声音之类的噪音污染
with higher blood pressure and a higher chance for a fatal heart attack.
跟高血压和心脏病发病率也有关。
All right, don’t panic, that neighbor playing Migos at 4 a.m. isn’t going to kill you
莫慌，隔壁老王凌晨4点播放Migos歌曲要不了你的命的，
but prolonged exposure to a noisy environment can lead to cognitive deficits as well.
但长时间暴露在嘈杂的环境中还是可能导致认知缺陷的。
Studies have shown that students in schools near airports and train stations
研究表明，噪声对机场和火车站附近学校学生
have suffered negative effects on long-term memory and reading comprehension,
的长期记忆和阅读理解造成了一定的负面影响，
leading some cities to require soundproofing in schools.
所以，一些城市已经要求学校采取隔音措施。
So, noise may not kill you, but it increases your stress levels, which is no bueno for your brain long-term.
所以，噪音可能要不了你的命，但它会增加你的压力，长此以往对大家的大脑可不是什么好事。
Are you hearing this, construction workers who have to fix my sidewalk at 6 a.m.?
你们有没有听到建筑工人早上6点在我楼下的人行道上施工的这个声音？
Yeah, I'm comin' for y'all.
没错，我是替你们所有人在发声。
Silence, on the other hand, has been correlated with lower stress hormones.
相反，安静对应的则是低水平的应激激素。
Also, studies done on mice in 2013 found that those exposed to silence over white noise, or even Mozart,
此外，2013年的数例老鼠研究发现，相比那些暴露于白噪声，即便是莫扎特的交响乐也不例外的老鼠，安静环境下的老鼠
expressed higher rates of neurogenesis, or the production of neurons, in the hippocampus, the part of the brain that processes memory.
海马——也就是大脑中处理记忆的部分——中的神经发生率或神经元的产生水平都更高，
Further studies found more evidence that the brain is processing and evaluating new information faster in times of silence over sound.
进一步的研究进一步印证，大脑在安静状态下比在有声音的状态下处理和判断信息系的速度更快。
So, less stress, new neurons, new synaptic connections and memory formation?
换句话说，压力减轻了，就能形成新的神经元，激发新的突触连接，促成记忆？
Sounds good for productivity.
听起来很有益于工作效率的样子。
I know what you’re thinking: “but I do my best work when listening to Evanescence!”
我知道你们在想什么：“但我就是要听幻灭乐队才能暴走啊！”
Me too. I love “Bring Me To Life.”
+1。我也喜欢听《带我重生》。
But be patient, we’re getting there!
不要慌，这个问题我们待会儿再聊！
Music permeates all parts of the brain; not just the temporal lobe or the auditory cortices.
音乐能够渗透到大脑的各个部分;不只是颞叶或听觉皮质。
If the song slaps (or if it’s trash), it’ll activate your amygdala and parts of your limbic system responsible for emotional response.
如果歌曲节拍明显（是激流金属音乐的话），就会激活你大脑中负责处理情绪的扁桃腺和大脑边缘系统。
What’s more, both music and language are auditorily processed; both are forms of communication,
更重要的是，音乐和语言都是通过听觉处理的; 两者都是沟通的形式，
and I don’t know about y’all, but I consider music like a language.
我不知道你们的看法如何，但我个人认为音乐和语言差不多。
I mean, have you SEEN sheet music?
你们有看过乐谱吗？
That's from a different alien race.
乐谱上那种音乐看着有种外星人语言的感觉。
New research shows that there may be neurons in the auditory cortex that activate specifically for music;
新的研究表明，听觉皮层中可能存在专门处理音乐，
not language, or other random sounds.
而不是语言或其他随机声音的神经元。
So, if your brain is busy processing emotions, lyrics, and now there’s these new other neurons firing,
所以，如果你的大脑正忙于处理情绪，歌词，有这些新的其他神经元放射，
how much attention is left to remember SOH CAH TOA?
此时你还有多少精力去记什么正弦余弦正切呢？
Remember that gem from seventh grade algebra?
还记得七年级代数的核心吗？
I'm old.
看来我已经老了。
Science says...it depends.
书上说了......不一定。
A 2010 study found that music may impair cognitive abilities
2010年一项研究发现，音乐可能导致认知能力受损
if you’re trying to memorize a specific order;
如果你在听音乐的时候记某个特定的顺序的话;
it could be thrown off by a key change, a lyrical choice,
调的变化，歌词的选择都可能转移大家的注意力，
or Drake getting you deep down in your feelings.
或德雷克让你深入自己的感受。
Even if you’re not distracted, a 2006 study measured the effects of tempo on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
即使你没有分心，2006年的一项研究测试了节奏对心血管和呼吸系统的影响，
Slow, meditative music can get us to relax, slowing both your heart rate and breathing
研究还是表明，缓慢的冥想音乐可以让我们放松，
but this study found that we’re the most relaxed when there’s a...wait for it.
但这项研究发现，我们最放松的时候是……等一下……
Pause. See what I did there?
暂停，get到我暂停的用意了么？
So, silence wins?
如此看来，是安静胜出了？
Well, if your goal is complete zen relaxation while you write that final, then, yeah, try silence.
其实，如果你的目标是在完成工作的时候像禅宗那样完全放松，那么，是的，你不妨尝试安静的环境。
But again, this all depends on a lot of variables:
然而，这还是要取决于很多因素：
lyrics, tempo, and genre have all been shown to have various effects on focus, mood, and productivity.
研究显示，不同的歌词，节奏和流派对我们的注意力，情绪和工作效率有着不同的影响。
But if you have to listen to that Randy Newman to get those reports in, more power to you.
但是你非要听兰迪·纽曼的作品才能写好报告，那就祝你成功。
If you have a work or study playlist, go for it!
如果你有专门的工作或学习播放列表，那就听！
Verdict: do you!
一如既往地听就是了。
If you’ll excuse me, I have to go listen to some Celine Dion, because I love Titanic.
如果可以的话，我听席琳·迪翁去了，因为我超爱《泰坦尼克号》这部电影。
Near, far, where--- later, later.
无论你如何远离我......等会儿再唱，等会儿再唱。
Yo, what's good -- thanks for watching Seeker.
好啦，以上就是今天的内容啦 - 感谢大家观看《科学探索之旅》。
Be sure to subscribe. I'm watching you. Subscribe.
一定要订阅我们的频道噢。我看着你呢。赶快订阅。
And since we talked about how silence and music affects your brain, what about ASMR?
既然我们谈到了安静和音乐对大脑的影响，那ASMR呢？
If that really gives you the tingles, be sure to check out this episode right here for everything scientists know about it.
感兴趣的话，一定要点击这里查看这一集噢，了解科学家在这方面的所有研究成果。
If you've got two cents and you don't know where to put it, leave 'em in the comments below.
如果你有两分钱，又你不知道怎么花，那就丢到我们的评论区吧。
And, as always, thank you for watching.
最后，还是那句话，感谢大家的收看。
