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Fast food restaurants have made some Americans rich.
快餐店让一些美国人赚的盆满钵满。
It's been more than 30 years since the first McDonald's opened, and this nation's eating habits have been transformed by fast food.
30年前，第一家麦当劳在美国开业。从那以后，美国人的饮食习惯就被快餐转变了。
Today, we spend over 50,000,000,000 dollars a year on Whopper's Big Macs and the Colonel's Fried Chicken.
如今，美国人每年花在巨无霸汉堡和炸鸡上的钱多达500亿美元。
The key is convenience. The ignored factor is nutrition.
人们关注的是快餐的方便性，却忽略了它缺乏营养价值的事实。
That's something Michael Jacobson cares about.
而营养性正是迈克尔·雅各布森关心的方面。
He's written a Fast Food Guide to tell consumers what's under the bun.
他写了一个《快餐指南》，向消费者介绍快餐里面的成分。
As far as hamburgers go, Jacobson says one chain's burger is as good nutritional as the next.
雅各布森认为，就汉堡而言，每家快餐连锁店汉堡的营养价值不相上下。
Each chain has a variety of hamburgers: singles, doubles, triples;
每家连锁店都有不同种类的汉堡，比如单层汉堡、双层汉堡、三层汉堡。
in some restaurants, cheeseburger, baconburger, mushroom burgers, and generally,
一些餐厅还会推出奶酪汉堡、培根汉堡、蘑菇汉堡。一般来说，
when they start gussying up the hamburger with the toppings, you're going to get more fat, more salt, and less nutritious product.
一旦快餐店在汉堡上浇上馅料的时候，我们就会更胖，摄入更多盐分，获取更少的营养。
So you think you shouldn't be so concerned with which chain it is you're eating at as far as the burger,
所以就汉堡而言，大家不必关心自己吃的是哪家连锁店的，
but rather whether you're getting the simple, naked burger, or the burger with all the fillings on it.
而是应该关心吃的是否是简单的、不加馅料的汉堡。
That's where a lot of the fat comes in.
因为馅料才是脂肪的来源。
For instance, at Wendy's, you can just get a regular little hamburger, which has about 4 teaspoons of fat,
比如，同样是在温蒂汉堡，你可以选择常规的小汉堡（大概只有4茶匙的脂肪）；
or you can get then triple cheeseburger with 15 teaspoons of fat, and that's a tremendous difference.
你也可以选择三层汉堡（含有15茶匙的脂肪）。脂肪含量就有很大的差异了。
I think the message for hamburgers and many other fast foods is to keep it simple, keep it small.
我想给汉堡店等快餐店传达的信息是：做的简单一些，小一些。
Is the meat that's used in most of these chains fattier than what I'd buy if I went to the butcher and bought meat?
大多数快餐连锁店里用的肉是否比我自己去肉店买的肉脂肪含量更多呢？
We actually had these meats analyzed, and we found they were pretty average.
实际上，我们把这两种肉做了分析，发现他们的脂肪含量差不多。
It was an ordinary grade hamburger meat for most of the chains.
也就是说，大多数连锁店做汉堡用的肉都是普通的肉。
You can get much leaner meat at the grocery store, or if you get ground round.
在杂货店里或者其他地方也能买到更瘦的肉。
If you want red meat and you want to eat at a fast food restaurant, I recommend going for the roast beef.
如果大家想去快餐店吃红色肉类的话，我推荐吃烤牛肉。
All roast beef was leaner than all hamburger meat in the tests we conducted.
根据我们的测试，所有烤牛肉都要比汉堡里的肉瘦。
Now this does differ from chain to chain because, for instance, the Roy Roger's roast beef,
不过，店与店也有不同，比如罗伊·罗杰斯家的烤牛肉
you have listed as having 2% fat whereas Arby's roast beef, 13%."
脂肪含量只有2%，而阿拜连锁的烤牛肉则有13%的脂肪含量。
The differences in roast beef are really remarkable.
烤牛肉中的脂肪含量差异真的太大了。
Arby's and Hardy's have 7 times as much fat as Roy Roger's.
而阿拜连锁和哈迪家的脂肪含量是罗伊·罗杰斯家的7倍。
Also, Roger's had real roast beef, whereas Arby's has kind of a composite roast beef,
此外，罗杰斯家用的是纯烤牛肉，而阿拜连锁用的合成的烤牛肉，
where the beef is chipped and scrunched together with sodium phosphate and other chemicals.
将切碎的牛肉用磷酸钠等化学物质搅拌在一起。
It is impossible now to watch TV without seeing commercials for chicken nuggets from one chain or another.
现在只要打开电视，就能看到各家快餐连锁店关于炸鸡块的广告。
What are chicken nuggets made out of?
那么，炸鸡块是由什么做成的呢？
Chicken McNuggets at McDonald's, probably the original chicken nuggets, are not whole pieces of chicken.
麦当劳家的麦乐鸡很可能就是炸鸡块的原型，而麦乐鸡也不是由纯鸡肉做成的。
Rather it's composite chicken made with ground-up chicken skin held together with sodium phosphate and salt.
麦乐鸡是鸡肉的合成品，是将鸡肉与碾碎的鸡皮与磷酸钠和盐混合而成。
It's a relatively fatty product, about 5 teaspoons of fat for a small order of McNuggets.
其脂肪含量相对高，一小份麦乐鸡就包含5茶匙的脂肪。
The competition at, say, Burger King, which makes chicken tenders, uses real chicken.
为了在竞争中脱颖而出，包括汉堡王在内的一些做炸鸡柳的快餐店采用了货真价实的鸡肉。
And the fat content, partly because it doesn't have ground up chicken skin in it, is much lower,
其中所含的脂肪成分较少，这部分原因是其中没有嚼碎的鸡皮，
about 2 teaspoons for a small order of chicken tenders.
所以大概1份鸡柳只含有2茶匙的脂肪。
Chicken is a food that is highly recommended by people who are very calorie conscious and are very fat conscious, because it's a food low in fat.
鸡肉是很多人力荐的食物，推荐鸡肉的人群都对能量摄入很谨慎，很担心变胖，而鸡肉中的脂肪含量就很少。
But once you get the chicken and you deep fry it, as they do at all the fast food chains, is it still a nutritionally good food?
但如果把鸡肉像在快餐店一样油炸的话，它还会是营养价值高的食物吗？
Well, chicken products tend to have less fat than beef products partly because the fat stays on the outside.
鸡肉食品的脂肪含量一般要比牛肉食品的少，其部分原因是鸡肉的脂肪都在外面。
If you're getting fried chicken, you ought to take off the skin, take off the breading.
做炸鸡之前，要先去掉鸡皮和外面的面包屑。
That's where most of the fat, most of the sodium are.
而主要的脂肪就在鸡皮和面包屑上了。
So you can turn kind of a mediocre product into really quite a nutritious product.
所以，我们可以将普通的食物变为有营养的食物。
If the fast food industry came to you for advice about how they could nutritionally improve their menus, what would you tell them?
所以，如果快餐业的人来寻求建议，问怎样才能提高他们菜谱的营养价值，你会怎样告诉他们呢？
Fresh fruit, low-fat diary products, low-fat or skim milk, keep up those salad bars, baked fish, baked chicken, and that lean roast beef.
可以推出新鲜水果、低脂肪奶制品、低脂或者脱脂牛奶、沙拉吧、烤鱼、烤鸡、烤制的瘦牛肉。
It is possible to offer nutritious tasty foods at a fast food restaurant,
快餐店也可以提供营养美味的食物，
and I hope that the chains are moving in the right direction with the proliferation of salad, salad bars, and the like.
我希望快餐店能朝着正确的方向发展，多推广沙拉、沙拉吧这样的产品和服务。
In Washington, Michael Jacobson, Director of the Center for Science in the Public Interest.
感谢收听公共兴趣科学中心负责人迈克尔·雅各布森为您带来的资讯。
